Normalizing the environment recapitulates adult human immune traits in laboratory mice.

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2001 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projected the contribution to sea level rise from the Greenland ice sheet to be between -0.02 and +0.09 m from 1990 to 2100 (ref. 1). However, recent work has suggested that the ice sheet responds more quickly to climate perturbations than previously thought, parti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Velicogna I,Wahr J

更新日期：2006-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzyme cytochrome c nitrite reductase catalyses the six-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia as one of the key steps in the biological nitrogen cycle, where it participates in the anaerobic energy metabolism of dissimilatory nitrate ammonification. Here we report on the crystal structure of this enzyme from th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Einsle O,Messerschmidt A,Stach P,Bourenkov GP,Bartunik HD,Huber R,Kroneck PM

更新日期：1999-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation through association with Argonaute proteins (AGOs). Crystal structures of archaeal and bacterial homologues of AGOs have shown that the MID (middle) domain mediates the interaction with the phosphorylated 5' end of the miRNA guide strand and this interact...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Frank F,Sonenberg N,Nagar B

更新日期：2010-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual recognition of three-dimensional (3-D) objects on the basis of their shape poses at least two difficult problems. First, there is the problem of variable illumination, which can be addressed by working with relatively stable features such as intensity edges rather than the raw intensity images. Second, ther...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Poggio T,Edelman S

更新日期：1990-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Formation of electron pairs is essential to superconductivity. For conventional superconductors, tunnelling spectroscopy has established that pairing is mediated by bosonic modes (phonons); a peak in the second derivative of tunnel current d2I/dV2 corresponds to each phonon mode. For high-transition-temperature (high-...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lee J,Fujita K,McElroy K,Slezak JA,Wang M,Aiura Y,Bando H,Ishikado M,Masui T,Zhu JX,Balatsky AV,Eisaki H,Uchida S,Davis JC

更新日期：2006-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinesin superfamily is a class of microtubule-based mechano-enzymes involved in intracellular transport and chromosome movements. Molecules that move towards either the plus end or the minus end of microtubules are represented within the family. The motor domains of these molecules exhibit considerable sequence ho...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hoenger A,Sablin EP,Vale RD,Fletterick RJ,Milligan RA

更新日期：1995-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasticity in neural circuits can result from alterations in synaptic strength or connectivity, as well as from changes in the excitability of the neurons themselves. To better understand the role of plasticity in the brain, we need to establish how brain circuits work and the kinds of computations that different circ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Destexhe A,Marder E

更新日期：2004-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Many tissues including blood, skin, gut and germ cells are continuously maintained by tissue stem cells. Under certain conditions, however, other organs can undergo repair using stem-cell-like progenitors generated by cell de-differentiation. Cell fates have been broadened experimentally, but mechanisms allowing de-di...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kai T,Spradling A

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In platelets, agonists that stimulate phosphoinositide turnover cause the rapid phosphorylation of a protein of apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) 40-47,000, called P47, by protein kinase C (PKC). Diverse identities have been ascribed to P47 including lipocortin, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tyers M,Rachubinski RA,Stewart MI,Varrichio AM,Shorr RG,Haslam RJ,Harley CB

更新日期：1988-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian Kruppel-like transcription factors are implicated in regulating terminal differentiation of several tissue types. Deficiency in Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 2 (also known as LKLF) leads to a massive loss of the peripheral T-cell pool, suggesting KLF2 regulates T-cell quiescence and survival. Here we show, howev...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carlson CM,Endrizzi BT,Wu J,Ding X,Weinreich MA,Walsh ER,Wani MA,Lingrel JB,Hogquist KA,Jameson SC

更新日期：2006-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Rac signalling to actin -- a pathway that is thought to be mediated by the protein Scar/WAVE (WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein)-family verprolin homologous protein -- has a principal role in cell motility. In an analogous pathway, direct interaction of Cdc42 with the related protein N-WASP stimulates actin polym...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Eden S,Rohatgi R,Podtelejnikov AV,Mann M,Kirschner MW

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most well studied genetic model organisms; nonetheless, its genome still contains unannotated coding and non-coding genes, transcripts, exons and RNA editing sites. Full discovery and annotation are pre-requisites for understanding how the regulation of transcription, splicing and...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Graveley BR,Brooks AN,Carlson JW,Duff MO,Landolin JM,Yang L,Artieri CG,van Baren MJ,Boley N,Booth BW,Brown JB,Cherbas L,Davis CA,Dobin A,Li R,Lin W,Malone JH,Mattiuzzo NR,Miller D,Sturgill D,Tuch BB,Zaleski C,

更新日期：2011-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Theories of the origin of optical asymmetry in living systems place fundamental importance on the amplification of optical asymmetry by an autocatalytic process. The replication of a polynucleotide is one obvious choice for such an autocatalytic growth mechanism. If an optically homogeneous polynucleotide could replic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Joyce GF,Visser GM,van Boeckel CA,van Boom JH,Orgel LE,van Westrenen J

更新日期：1984-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the organic component of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic technologies, particular with respect to wooden tools. Here I describe some wooden throwing spears about 400,000 years old that were discovered in 1995 at the Pleistocene site at Schöningen, Germany. They are thought to be the oldest complete...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thieme H

更新日期：1997-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the progress in human culture has required the exploitation of energy resources. About 100 years ago, the major source of energy shifted from recent solar to fossil hydrocarbons, including liquid and gaseous petroleum. Technology has generally led to a greater use of hydrocarbon fuels for most human activities...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hall C,Tharakan P,Hallock J,Cleveland C,Jefferson M

更新日期：2003-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic imprinting is an allele-specific gene expression system that is important for mammalian development and function. The molecular basis of genomic imprinting is allele-specific DNA methylation. Although it is well known that the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are responsible for the establishme...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yamaguchi S,Shen L,Liu Y,Sendler D,Zhang Y

更新日期：2013-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Owing to their scientific and technological importance, inorganic single crystals with highly reactive surfaces have long been studied. Unfortunately, surfaces with high reactivity usually diminish rapidly during the crystal growth process as a result of the minimization of surface energy. A typical example is titaniu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yang HG,Sun CH,Qiao SZ,Zou J,Liu G,Smith SC,Cheng HM,Lu GQ

更新日期：2008-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Cocaine is a powerfully addictive substance and new strategies are needed to treat its abuse. Generating an active immunization to cocaine offers a means of blocking the actions of the drug by preventing it from entering the central nervous system, and should have fewer side effects than treatments based on manipulati...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carrera MR,Ashley JA,Parsons LH,Wirsching P,Koob GF,Janda KD

更新日期：1995-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The three-dimensional structure of intact human rhinovirus 14 (HRV-14) complexed with Fab fragments (Fab17-IA) from a strongly neutralizing antibody that binds bivalently to the virion has been determined to 4.0 angstrom resolution by a combination of X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. In contradictio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Smith TJ,Chase ES,Schmidt TJ,Olson NH,Baker TS

更新日期：1996-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The crab Xenograpsus testudinatus lives at enormously high densities around the sulphur-rich hydrothermal vents found in shallow waters off Taiwan, even though this acidic environment is low in nutrients. Here we show that these crabs swarm out of their crevices at slack water and feed on the vast numbers of zooplankt...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jeng MS,Ng NK,Ng PK

更新日期：2004-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Transmembrane sodium-ion gradients provide energy that can be harnessed by 'secondary transporters' to drive the translocation of solute molecules into a cell. Decades of study have shown that such sodium-coupled transporters are involved in many physiological processes, making them targets for the treatment of numero...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krishnamurthy H,Piscitelli CL,Gouaux E

更新日期：2009-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate immune responses are important in combating various microbes during the early phases of infection. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that, unlike T and B lymphocytes, do not express antigen receptors but rapidly exhibit cytotoxic activities against virus-infected cells and produce various cytokin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moro K,Yamada T,Tanabe M,Takeuchi T,Ikawa T,Kawamoto H,Furusawa J,Ohtani M,Fujii H,Koyasu S

更新日期：2010-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the introduction of hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) gases as replacements for the ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), it has been discovered that HCFCs/HFCs can degrade in the atmosphere to produce trifluoroacetic acid, a compound with no known loss mechanisms in the env...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ellis DA,Mabury SA,Martin JW,Muir DC

更新日期：2001-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. Here we use single-molecule and bulk...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sternberg SH,Redding S,Jinek M,Greene EC,Doudna JA

更新日期：2014-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Microsomes prepared from rabbit or pig aortas transformed endoperoxides (PGG2 or PGH2) to an unstable substance (PGX) that inhibited human platelet aggregation. PGX was 30 times more potent in this respect than prostaglandin E1. PGX contracted some gastrointestinal smooth muscle and relaxed certain isolated blood vess...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moncada S,Gryglewski R,Bunting S,Vane JR

更新日期：1976-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein G is a cell-surface protein from Streptococcus which binds to IgG molecules from a wide range of species with an affinity comparable to that of antigen. The high affinity of protein G for the Fab portion of IgG poses a particular challenge in molecular recognition, given the variability of heavy chain subclass...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Derrick JP,Wigley DB

更新日期：1992-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Endochondral ossification, an important process in vertebrate bone formation, is highly dependent on correct functioning of growth plate chondrocytes1. Proliferation of these cells determines longitudinal bone growth and the matrix deposited provides a scaffold for future bone formation. However, these two energy-depe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stegen S,Laperre K,Eelen G,Rinaldi G,Fraisl P,Torrekens S,Van Looveren R,Loopmans S,Bultynck G,Vinckier S,Meersman F,Maxwell PH,Rai J,Weis M,Eyre DR,Ghesquière B,Fendt SM,Carmeliet P,Carmeliet G

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fast radio bursts are mysterious millisecond-duration transients prevalent in the radio sky. Rapid accumulation of data in recent years has facilitated an understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms of these events. Knowledge gained from the neighbouring fields of gamma-ray bursts and radio pulsars has also of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang B

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal behaviour arises from computations in neuronal circuits, but our understanding of these computations has been frustrated by the lack of detailed synaptic connection maps, or connectomes. For example, despite intensive investigations over half a century, the neuronal implementation of local motion detection in t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Takemura SY,Bharioke A,Lu Z,Nern A,Vitaladevuni S,Rivlin PK,Katz WT,Olbris DJ,Plaza SM,Winston P,Zhao T,Horne JA,Fetter RD,Takemura S,Blazek K,Chang LA,Ogundeyi O,Saunders MA,Shapiro V,Sigmund C,Rubin GM,Scheffe

更新日期：2013-08-08 00:00:00