Abstract：
:Theories of the origin of optical asymmetry in living systems place fundamental importance on the amplification of optical asymmetry by an autocatalytic process. The replication of a polynucleotide is one obvious choice for such an autocatalytic growth mechanism. If an optically homogeneous polynucleotide could replicate by directing the polymerization of monomers of the same handedness, while excluding monomers of the opposite handedness, its chiral descendants would come to dominate what was once an achiral environment. Recently, two highly efficient template-directed reaction systems have been developed for the oligomerization of activated guanosine mononucleotides (Fig. 1) on a poly(C) template. The synthesis of L-guanosine 5'-mononucleotide makes it possible to study chiral selection in these systems. We report here that poly(C)-directed oligomerization of activated guanosine mononucleotides proceeds readily if the monomers are of the same optical handedness as the template, and is indeed far less efficient if the monomers are of the opposite handedness. However, in template-directed reactions with a racemic mixture, monomers of the opposite handedness to the template are incorporated as chain terminators at the 2'(3') end of the products. This inhibition raises an important problem for many theories of the origin of life.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Joyce GF,Visser GM,van Boeckel CA,van Boom JH,Orgel LE,van Westrenen Jdoi
10.1038/310602a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-08-16 00:00:00pages
602-4issue
5978eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
310pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:The ability to generate patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a new paradigm for modelling human disease and for individualizing drug testing. Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a familial arrhythmogenic syndrome characterized by abnormal ion channel function and sudden cardiac death....
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09747
更新日期：2011-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroectoderm cells in the cortical ventricular zone generate many diverse cell types, maintain the ventricular zone during embryonic life and create another germinal layer, the subventricular zone, which persists into adulthood. In other vertebrate tissues, including skin, intestine, blood and neural crest, stem cell...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/372263a0
更新日期：1994-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The Ran proteins constitute a distinct branch of the superfamily of Ras-related GTP-binding proteins which function as molecular switches cycling between GTP-bound 'on' and GDP-bound 'off' states. Ran is located predominantly in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and is involved in the nuclear import of proteins as well ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/374378a0
更新日期：1995-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：:To mediate its survival and virulence, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum exports hundreds of proteins into the host erythrocyte. To enter the host cell, exported proteins must cross the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) within which the parasite resides, but the mechanism remains unclear. A putative Pla...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13574
更新日期：2014-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The rarity and inaccessibility of the earliest primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the mouse embryo thwart efforts to investigate molecular mechanisms of germ-cell specification. stella (also called Dppa3) marks the rare founder population of the germ lineage. Here we differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells carrying a st...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature08210
更新日期：2009-08-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Inclusive fitness theory predicts that organisms can often increase their fitness by helping relatives. Indeed, many animals modify their behaviour towards kin in a fashion consistent with theory. Morphogenesis may also be sensitive to kinship environment, especially in species that facultatively produce distinct morp...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/362836a0
更新日期：1993-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The tumour-suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated in human cancers and is important in the cellular response to DNA damage. Although the p53 family members p63 and p73 are structurally related to p53, they have not been directly linked to tumour suppression, although they have been implicated in apoptosis. Given th...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/416560a
更新日期：2002-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Over 50% of patients who survive neuroinvasive infection with West Nile virus (WNV) exhibit chronic cognitive sequelae. Although thousands of cases of WNV-mediated memory dysfunction accrue annually, the mechanisms responsible for these impairments are unknown. The classical complement cascade, a key component of inna...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature18283
更新日期：2016-06-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of new chemical transformations based on catalytic functionalization of unactivated C-H bonds has the potential to simplify the synthesis of complex molecules dramatically. Transition metal catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool with which to convert these unreactive bonds into carbon-carbon and carb...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13389
更新日期：2014-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Seismological studies have revealed that a complex texture or heterogeneity exists in the Earth's inner core and at the boundary between core and mantle. These studies highlight the importance of understanding the properties of iron when modelling the composition and dynamics of the core and the interaction of the cor...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35087559
更新日期：2001-08-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic structural gene mutations occurring spontaneously in a mouse myeloma cell line offer the opportunity to study somatic mutation in animal cells at the molecular level. Studies on the myeloma protein and on mRNA have enabled us to characterise four such mutants representing four different mutation mechanisms....
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/265299a0
更新日期：1977-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The promoters of eukaryotic genes are being increasingly defined through the identification of consensus DNA sequences, by mutational analysis, and by in vitro and in vivo studies of transcription. Whereas the TATA sequence (Goldberg-Hogness box) has been largely conserved among protein encoding genes (transcribed by ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/301167a0
更新日期：1983-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The Ras proto-oncogene is a central component of mitogenic signal-transduction pathways, and is essential for cells both to leave a quiescent state (G0) and to pass through the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. The mechanism by which Ras signalling regulates cell-cycle progression is unclear, however. Here we report ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/386177a0
更新日期：1997-03-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell adhesions to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are necessary for morphogenesis, immunity and wound healing. Focal adhesions are multifunctional organelles that mediate cell-ECM adhesion, force transmission, cytoskeletal regulation and signalling. Focal adhesions consist of a complex network of trans-plasma-membrane ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09621
更新日期：2010-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 评论,社论
doi：10.1038/d41586-019-00483-5
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Climate strongly affects the production of sediment from mountain catchments as well as its transport and deposition within adjacent sedimentary basins. However, identifying climatic influences on basin stratigraphy is complicated by nonlinearities, feedback loops, lag times, buffering and convergence among processes ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11513
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulation of ion transport by phosphorylation and G proteins occurs in several epithelial and non-epithelial cell plasma membranes1-5. It is not known whether transporters on intracellular membranes are target sites for second messengers. Here we present direct evidence that a chloride conductance in endocytic vesicl...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/348637a0
更新日期：1990-12-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental and simulation studies show that small monomeric proteins fold in one kinetic step, which entails overcoming the free-energy barrier between the unfolded and the native protein through a transition state. Two models of transition state formation have been proposed: a 'nonspecific' one in which it depends ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/379096a0
更新日期：1996-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The biogenic amine transporters (BATs) regulate endogenous neurotransmitter concentrations and are targets for a broad range of therapeutic agents including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Because eukaryotic BATs...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12648
更新日期：2013-11-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease is a progressive loss of memory and cognition, for which there is no cure. Although genetic studies initially suggested a primary role for amyloid-in Alzheimer's disease, treatment strategies targeted at reducing amyloid-have failed to reverse cognitive symptoms. These clinical findings suggest tha...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature20412
更新日期：2016-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a clonal disease arising from malignant transformation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. In most cases, it is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome (22q-) which results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (refs 1-3). In...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/319331a0
更新日期：1986-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Biological dinitrogen fixation provides the largest input of nitrogen to the oceans, therefore exerting important control on the ocean's nitrogen inventory and primary productivity. Nitrogen-isotope data from ocean sediments suggest that the marine-nitrogen inventory has been balanced for the past 3,000 years (ref. 4)...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11338
更新日期：2012-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The polarized architecture of epithelial cells depends on the highly stereotypic distribution of cellular junctions and other membrane-associated protein complexes. In epithelial cells of the Drosophila embryo, three distinct domains subdivide the lateral plasma membrane. The most apical one comprises the subapical co...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/414638a
更新日期：2001-12-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Ecological and societal disruptions by modern climate change are critically determined by the time frame over which climates shift beyond historical analogues. Here we present a new index of the year when the projected mean climate of a given location moves to a state continuously outside the bounds of historical vari...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12540
更新日期：2013-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Holliday junctions (HJs) are key intermediates in homologous recombination and are especially important for the production of crossover recombinants. Bacterial RecA family proteins promote the formation and branch migration of HJs in vitro by catalysing a reciprocal DNA-strand exchange reaction between two duplex DNA ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06609
更新日期：2008-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Although male parental care is rare among mammals, adult males of many cercopithecine primate species provide care for infants and juveniles. This care is often in the form of grooming, carrying, support in agonistic interactions, and protection against infanticide. For these behaviours to be interpreted as true paren...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01866
更新日期：2003-09-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Capacitors are a mainstay of electronic integrated circuits and devices, where they perform essential functions such as storing electrical charge, and blocking direct current while allowing alternating currents to propagate. Because they are often the largest components in circuits, extensive efforts are directed at r...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05148
更新日期：2006-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The protein TFIIB is a general transcription initiation factor that interacts with a promoter complex (D.DNA) containing the TATA-binding subunit (TFIID tau, or TBP) of TFIID to facilitate subsequent interaction with RNA polymerase II (ref. 2) through the associated TFIIF (ref. 3). The potential bridging function of T...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/363744a0
更新日期：1993-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The germ-cell lineage ensures the continuity of life through the generation of male and female gametes, which unite to form a totipotent zygote. We have previously demonstrated that, by using cytokines, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can be induced into epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) and then in...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12417
更新日期：2013-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Some beetles in the Namib Desert collect drinking water from fog-laden wind on their backs. We show here that these large droplets form by virtue of the insect's bumpy surface, which consists of alternating hydrophobic, wax-coated and hydrophilic, non-waxy regions. The design of this fog-collecting structure can be re...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35102108
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
