Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany.

abstract：:P2Y receptors (P2YRs), a family of purinergic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are activated by extracellular nucleotides. There are a total of eight distinct functional P2YRs expressed in human, which are subdivided into P2Y1-like receptors and P2Y12-like receptors. Their ligands are generally charged molecules w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang K,Zhang J,Gao ZG,Zhang D,Zhu L,Han GW,Moss SM,Paoletta S,Kiselev E,Lu W,Fenalti G,Zhang W,Müller CE,Yang H,Jiang H,Cherezov V,Katritch V,Jacobson KA,Stevens RC,Wu B,Zhao Q

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrodynamic flow in classical and quantum fluids can be either laminar or turbulent. Vorticity in turbulent flow is often modelled with vortex filaments. While this represents an idealization in classical fluids, vortices are topologically stable quantized objects in superfluids. Superfluid turbulence is therefore th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Finne AP,Araki T,Blaauwgeers R,Eltsov VB,Kopnin NB,Krusius M,Skrbek L,Tsubota M,Volovik GE

更新日期：2003-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatin reorganization is governed by multiple post-translational modifications of chromosomal proteins and DNA. These histone modifications are reversible, dynamic events that can regulate DNA-driven cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate histone modification patterns remain largely u...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fujiki R,Hashiba W,Sekine H,Yokoyama A,Chikanishi T,Ito S,Imai Y,Kim J,He HH,Igarashi K,Kanno J,Ohtake F,Kitagawa H,Roeder RG,Brown M,Kato S

更新日期：2011-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunophilins cyclophilin and FK506 binding protein (FKBP) are small, predominantly soluble proteins that bind the immunosuppressant drugs cyclosporin A and FK506, respectively, with high affinity, and which seem to mediate their pharmacological actions. The Ca(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, binds...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Steiner JP,Dawson TM,Fotuhi M,Glatt CE,Snowman AM,Cohen N,Snyder SH

更新日期：1992-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribosome-driven protein biosynthesis is comprised of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling. In bacteria, ribosome recycling requires ribosome recycling factor and elongation factor G, and several structures of bacterial recycling complexes have been determined. In the eukaryotic and archaeal k...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Becker T,Franckenberg S,Wickles S,Shoemaker CJ,Anger AM,Armache JP,Sieber H,Ungewickell C,Berninghausen O,Daberkow I,Karcher A,Thomm M,Hopfner KP,Green R,Beckmann R

更新日期：2012-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Deposition of amyoid-beta peptide in the central nervous system is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and a possible cause of neurodegeneration. The factors that initiate or promote deposition of amyloid-beta peptide are not known. The transforming growth factor TGF-beta1 plays a central role in the response of the bra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wyss-Coray T,Masliah E,Mallory M,McConlogue L,Johnson-Wood K,Lin C,Mucke L

更新日期：1997-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Plate tectonics successfully describes the surface of Earth as a mosaic of moving lithospheric plates. But it is not clear what happens at the base of the plates, the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The LAB has been well imaged with converted teleseismic waves, whose 10-40-kilometre wavelength controls the s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stern TA,Henrys SA,Okaya D,Louie JN,Savage MK,Lamb S,Sato H,Sutherland R,Iwasaki T

更新日期：2015-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Few intergalactic, plausibly primordial clouds of neutral atomic hydrogen (H(i)) have been found in the local Universe, suggesting that such structures have either dispersed, become ionized or produced a stellar population on gigayear timescales. The Leo ring, a massive (M(H(i)) approximately 1.8 x 10(9)M[symbol: see ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thilker DA,Donovan J,Schiminovich D,Bianchi L,Boissier S,de Paz AG,Madore BF,Martin DC,Seibert M

更新日期：2009-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Although lunar crystalline rocks are essentially devoid of nitrogen, the same is not true of the lunar regolith. The nitrogen contents of individual regolith samples (which can be as high as 0.012% by mass) correlate strongly with abundances of noble gases known to be implanted in the lunar surface by solar radiation,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kim JS,Kim Y,Marti K,Kerridge JF

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaldehyde is a highly reactive, DNA-damaging metabolite that is produced upon alcohol consumption1. Impaired detoxification of acetaldehyde is common in the Asian population, and is associated with alcohol-related cancers1,2. Cells are protected against acetaldehyde-induced damage by DNA crosslink repair, which whe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hodskinson MR,Bolner A,Sato K,Kamimae-Lanning AN,Rooijers K,Witte M,Mahesh M,Silhan J,Petek M,Williams DM,Kind J,Chin JW,Patel KJ,Knipscheer P

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants cope with the environment in a variety of ways, and ecological analyses attempt to capture this through life-history strategies or trait-based categorization. These approaches are limited because they treat the trade-off mechanisms that underlie plant responses as a black box. Approaches that involve the molecu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Scheres B,van der Putten WH

更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is selected in the thymus after rearrangement of genes encoding TCR alpha and beta chains. Selection is based on the recognition by newly emergent T cells of self-ligands associated with molecules of the major histocompatibility complex: some combinations result in positive selecti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dyson PJ,Knight AM,Fairchild S,Simpson E,Tomonari K

更新日期：1991-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Remodelling its shape, or morphogenesis, is a fundamental property of living tissue. It underlies much of embryonic development and numerous pathologies. Convergent extension (CE) of the axial mesoderm of vertebrates is an intensively studied model for morphogenetic processes that rely on cell rearrangement. It involv...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ninomiya H,Elinson RP,Winklbauer R

更新日期：2004-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to trap an object-whether a single atom or a macroscopic entity-affects fields as diverse as quantum optics, soft condensed-matter physics, biophysics and clinical medicine. Many sophisticated methodologies have been developed to counter the randomizing effect of Brownian motion in solution, but stable tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krishnan M,Mojarad N,Kukura P,Sandoghdar V

更新日期：2010-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular signalling by the purine nucleotide ATP has long been associated with sensory function. In the periphery, ATP mediates nociception, mechanosensitivity, thermal sensitivity and O2 chemosensitivity. These processes share a common mechanism that involves the release of ATP to excite afferent fibres via acti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gourine AV,Llaudet E,Dale N,Spyer KM

更新日期：2005-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The foundations of mammalian development lie in a cluster of embryonic epiblast stem cells. In response to extracellular matrix signalling, these cells undergo epithelialization and create an apical surface in contact with a cavity, a fundamental event for all subsequent development. Concomitantly, epiblast cells tran...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shahbazi MN,Scialdone A,Skorupska N,Weberling A,Recher G,Zhu M,Jedrusik A,Devito LG,Noli L,Macaulay IC,Buecker C,Khalaf Y,Ilic D,Voet T,Marioni JC,Zernicka-Goetz M

更新日期：2017-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:During development, cells interpret complex and often conflicting signals to make optimal decisions. Plant stomata, the cellular interface between a plant and the atmosphere, develop according to positional cues, which include a family of secreted peptides called epidermal patterning factors (EPFs). How these signalli...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lee JS,Hnilova M,Maes M,Lin YC,Putarjunan A,Han SK,Avila J,Torii KU

更新日期：2015-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Activity-induced changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission between neurones are central to several prominent theories of learning. In both in vivo and in vitro preparations of the hippocampus, a conditioning high-frequency stimulus delivered to afferent fibres results in a long-term potentiation of synaptic tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Malinow R,Miller JP

更新日期：1986-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Human-mediated translocation of species to areas beyond their natural distribution (which results in 'alien' populations1) is a key signature of the Anthropocene2, and is a primary global driver of biodiversity loss and environmental change3. Stemming the tide of invasions requires understanding why some species fail ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Redding DW,Pigot AL,Dyer EE,Şekercioğlu ÇH,Kark S,Blackburn TM

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The assessment of changes in tropical cyclone activity within the context of anthropogenically influenced climate change has been limited by the short temporal resolution of the instrumental tropical cyclone record (less than 50 years). Furthermore, controversy exists regarding the robustness of the observational reco...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haig J,Nott J,Reichart GJ

更新日期：2014-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants the Trk, Ktr and HKT ion transporters are key components of osmotic regulation, pH homeostasis and resistance to drought and high salinity. These ion transporters are functionally diverse: they can function as Na(+) or K(+) channels and possibly as cation/K(+) symporters. They ar...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vieira-Pires RS,Szollosi A,Morais-Cabral JH

更新日期：2013-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation of myosin light chains by a calmodulin-myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) pathway is considered to be responsible for coupling increased calcium concentration with contraction in smooth muscle. This simple view has, however, recently been questioned. To test this hypothesis directly, we microinjected ind...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Itoh T,Ikebe M,Kargacin GJ,Hartshorne DJ,Kemp BE,Fay FS

更新日期：1989-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs), a specific class of 24- to 30-nucleotide-long RNAs produced by the Piwi-type of Argonaute proteins, have a specific germline function in repressing transposable elements. This repression is thought to involve heterochromatin formation and transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rouget C,Papin C,Boureux A,Meunier AC,Franco B,Robine N,Lai EC,Pelisson A,Simonelig M

更新日期：2010-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen causing food poisoning manifested by diarrhoeal or emetic syndromes. It is closely related to the animal and human pathogen Bacillus anthracis and the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, the former being used as a biological weapon and the latter as a pesticide. B. anth...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ivanova N,Sorokin A,Anderson I,Galleron N,Candelon B,Kapatral V,Bhattacharyya A,Reznik G,Mikhailova N,Lapidus A,Chu L,Mazur M,Goltsman E,Larsen N,D'Souza M,Walunas T,Grechkin Y,Pusch G,Haselkorn R,Fonstein M,Ehrli

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) into enucleated oocytes has emerged as a technique that can be used to derive mouse embryonic stem cell lines with defined genotypes. In this issue Byrne et al. report the derivation of two SCNT Rhesus macaca male stem cell lines designated CRES-1 and CRES-2. Molecular studies deta...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cram DS,Song B,Trounson AO

更新日期：2007-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical development of an inhibitor of cellular proteasome function suggests that compounds targeting other components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system might prove useful for the treatment of human malignancies. NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) is an essential component of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway that contro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Soucy TA,Smith PG,Milhollen MA,Berger AJ,Gavin JM,Adhikari S,Brownell JE,Burke KE,Cardin DP,Critchley S,Cullis CA,Doucette A,Garnsey JJ,Gaulin JL,Gershman RE,Lublinsky AR,McDonald A,Mizutani H,Narayanan U,Olhava EJ

更新日期：2009-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The CD4 molecule is a high-affinity cell-surface receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and a soluble truncated form of CD4 produced by recombinant DNA technology is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and HIV-1-induced cell fusion in vitro. Rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency v...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Watanabe M,Reimann KA,DeLong PA,Liu T,Fisher RA,Letvin NL

更新日期：1989-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesolimbic dopamine-releasing neurons appear to be important in the brain reward system. One behavioural paradigm that supports this hypothesis is intracranial self-stimulation (ICS), during which animals repeatedly press a lever to stimulate their own dopamine-releasing neurons electrically. Here we study dopamine re...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Garris PA,Kilpatrick M,Bunin MA,Michael D,Walker QD,Wightman RM

更新日期：1999-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Many precious, 'iron-loving' metals, such as gold, are surprisingly abundant in the accessible parts of the Earth, given the efficiency with which core formation should have removed them to the planet's deep interior. One explanation of their over-abundance is a 'late veneer'--a flux of meteorites added to the Earth a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Willbold M,Elliott T,Moorbath S

更新日期：2011-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:A serine/threonine kinase, named protein kinase B (PKB) for its sequence homology to both protein kinase A and C, has previously been isolated. PKB, which is identical to the kinase Rac, was later found to be the cellular homologue of the transforming v-Akt. Here we show that PKB is activated by stimuli such as insuli...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Burgering BM,Coffer PJ

更新日期：1995-08-17 00:00:00