Abstract:
:The direct functionalization of unactivated sp(3) C-H bonds is still one of the most challenging problems facing synthetic organic chemists. The appeal of such transformations derives from their capacity to facilitate the construction of complex organic molecules via the coupling of simple and otherwise inert building blocks, without introducing extraneous functional groups. Despite notable recent efforts, the establishment of general and mild strategies for the engagement of sp(3) C-H bonds in C-C bond forming reactions has proved difficult. Within this context, the discovery of chemical transformations that are able to directly functionalize allylic methyl, methylene and methine carbons in a catalytic manner is a priority. Although protocols for direct oxidation and amination of allylic C-H bonds (that is, C-H bonds where an adjacent carbon is involved in a C = C bond) have become widely established, the engagement of allylic substrates in C-C bond forming reactions has thus far required the use of pre-functionalized coupling partners. In particular, the direct arylation of non-functionalized allylic systems would enable access to a series of known pharmacophores (molecular features responsible for a drug's action), though a general solution to this long-standing challenge remains elusive. Here we report the use of both photoredox and organic catalysis to accomplish a mild, broadly effective direct allylic C-H arylation. This C-C bond forming reaction readily accommodates a broad range of alkene and electron-deficient arene reactants, and has been used in the direct arylation of benzylic C-H bonds.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Cuthbertson JD,MacMillan DWdoi
10.1038/nature14255subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-03-05 00:00:00pages
74-7issue
7541eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature14255journal_volume
519pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has a key role in the antigen-specific clonal growth of T lymphocytes, by virtue of its interaction with a specific cell-surface receptor (IL-2R). The growth signal seems to be delivered by IL-2 bound to the high-affinity, but not the low-affinity, receptor. Genes encoding IL-2 and its receptor (t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/318467a0
更新日期:1985-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The dwarfing of large mammals on islands occurred repeatedly in the Pleistocene. Elephants, deer, hippopotami and other species became dwarfed on islands in Indonesia, the Mediterranean, the east Pacific and elsewhere. In most cases, the full-sized ancestral form can be recognized among the adjacent mainland fauna, bu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/342539a0
更新日期:1989-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Yeasts, which have been a component of the human diet for at least 7,000 years, possess an elaborate cell wall α-mannan. The influence of yeast mannan on the ecology of the human microbiota is unknown. Here we show that yeast α-mannan is a viable food source for the Gram-negative bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13995
更新日期:2015-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::An increase in free calcium triggers catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells and calmodulin is strongly implicated as the intracellular Ca2+ receptor. In our recent studies of calmodulin action in the chromaffin cell, micromolar Ca2+ concentrations resulted in calmodulin and cytosolic proteins becoming bound to ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/301432a0
更新日期:1983-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::HIV has advanced from high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users to some in the general population, according to comprehensive new data from the south of China. What needs to be done to halt its spread? ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/455609a
更新日期:2008-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Manic depression is a severe cyclic mental illness that can be unipolar or bipolar and has a lifetime risk of approximately 7 per 1,000 in most populations. Families with multiple cases of manic depression have been described that are compatible with both autosomal dominant and X-linked modes of genetic transmission. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/325805a0
更新日期:1987-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::H-2 class I antigens appear to direct the recognition of virus-infected and neoplastic transformed cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Here, to identify the regions of class I antigens involved in CTL recognition, four hybrid class I genes were constructed in which exons were exchanged between the H-2Kb and H-2Db...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/309279a0
更新日期:1984-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) elicit the transcriptional activation of a large number of immediate early genes (many of which encode transcription factors), and ultimately DNA synthesis. Both AP1 and Myc are activated in fibroblasts in response to growth factor stimulation, and various e...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/378509a0
更新日期:1995-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Homoiotherms, for example mammals, regulate their body temperature with physiological responses such as a change of metabolic rate and sweating. In contrast, the body temperature of poikilotherms, for example Drosophila, is the result of heat exchange with the surrounding environment as a result of the large ratio of ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07090
更新日期:2008-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The abundance of chlorine in the Earth's atmosphere increased considerably during the 1970s to 1990s, following large emissions of anthropogenic long-lived chlorine-containing source gases, notably the chlorofluorocarbons. The chemical inertness of chlorofluorocarbons allows their transport and mixing throughout the t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13857
更新日期:2014-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Owing to their scientific and technological importance, inorganic single crystals with highly reactive surfaces have long been studied. Unfortunately, surfaces with high reactivity usually diminish rapidly during the crystal growth process as a result of the minimization of surface energy. A typical example is titaniu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06964
更新日期:2008-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::If not properly processed and repaired, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can give rise to deleterious chromosome rearrangements, which could ultimately lead to the tumour phenotype. DSB ends are resected in a 5' to 3' fashion in cells, to yield single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) for the recruitment of factors critical for DNA...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09318
更新日期:2010-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::The origin of eukaryotes stands as a major conundrum in biology. Current evidence indicates that the last eukaryotic common ancestor already possessed many eukaryotic hallmarks, including a complex subcellular organization. In addition, the lack of evolutionary intermediates challenges the elucidation of the relative ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature16941
更新日期:2016-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Lake Victoria, together with its satellite lakes, harbours roughly 200 endemic forms of cichlid fishes that are classified as 'haplochromines' and yet the lake system is less than a million years old. This 'flock' has attracted attention because of the possibility that it evolved within the lake from one ancestral spe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/347550a0
更新日期:1990-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Microscopic diamond was recently discovered in oxidized acid residues from several carbonaceous chondrite meteorites (for example, the C delta component of the Allende meteorite). Some of the reported properties of C delta seem in conflict with those expected of diamond. Here we present high spatial resolution analy...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/332611a0
更新日期:1988-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Four-residue beta-turns and larger loop structures represent a significant fraction of globular protein surfaces and play an important role in determining the conformation and specificity of enzyme active sites and antibody-combining sites. Turns are an attractive starting point to develop protein design methods, as t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/339073a0
更新日期:1989-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::An observer moving forwards through the environment experiences a radial pattern of image motion on each retina. Such patterns of optic flow are a potential source of information about the observer's rate of progress, direction of heading and time to reach objects that lie ahead. As the viewing distance changes there ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/37359
更新日期:1997-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::The dispute among federal agencies over regulation of commercial biotechnology has been addressed in the Federal Register by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), which says the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee of the National Institutes of Health should continue to oversee biomedical research in this ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/313085b0
更新日期:1985-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::A hybrid gene was constructed between the beta-lactamase gene of plasmid pBR322 and the cloned coding sequence for rat growth hormone. This gene is expressed in bacteria and growth hormone sequences are detectable by immunological methods. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/276795a0
更新日期:1978-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), which comprises only about 1% of the phospholipids in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane, is the source of three second messengers, activates many ion channels and enzymes, is involved in both endocytosis and exocytosis, anchors proteins to the membrane through...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature04398
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biochemical and genetic studies suggest the existence of mediators that work between the activation domains (ADs) of regulatory proteins and the basic transcriptional machinery. We have previously shown genetically that Sug1 interacts with the AD of the yeast activator Ga14. Here we provide evidence that the Sug1 prot...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/374088a0
更新日期:1995-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Processes such as the scattering of alpha particles ((4)He), the triple-alpha reaction, and alpha capture play a major role in stellar nucleosynthesis. In particular, alpha capture on carbon determines the ratio of carbon to oxygen during helium burning, and affects subsequent carbon, neon, oxygen, and silicon burning...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature16067
更新日期:2015-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptochromes are blue/ultraviolet-A light receptors that mediate various light responses in plants and animals. But the initial photochemical reaction of cryptochrome is still unclear. For example, although most photoreceptors are known to undergo light-dependent protein modification such as phosphorylation, no blue-...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature00815
更新日期:2002-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major reactive oxygen species in unicellular and multicellular organisms, and is produced extracellularly in response to external stresses and internal cues1-4. H2O2 enters cells through aquaporin membrane proteins and covalently modifies cytoplasmic proteins to regulate signalling and ce...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2032-3
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene IL2RG encodes the gamma-chain of the interleukin-2 receptor and is mutated in patients with X-linked severe combined immune deficiency (X-SCID). Woods et al. report the development of thymus tumours in a mouse model of X-SCID after correction by lentiviral overexpression of IL2RG and claim that these were cau...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05218
更新日期:2006-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery of more than a thousand planets outside our Solar System, together with the significant push to achieve inertially confined fusion in the laboratory, has prompted a renewed interest in how dense matter behaves at millions to billions of atmospheres of pressure. The theoretical description of such ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13526
更新日期:2014-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose into fat and muscle cells. Although the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain uncertain, insulin initiates its actions by binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor, leading to the phosphorylation of intracellular substrates. One such substrate is the Cbl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35025089
更新日期:2000-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis (programmed cell death), an essential process in the development and homeostasis of metazoans, is carried out by caspases. The mitochondrial protein Smac/DIABLO performs a critical function in apoptosis by eliminating the inhibitory effect of IAPs (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) on caspases. Here we show t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35022514
更新日期:2000-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::The US Congress is well-known for tucking special provisions for favoured projects into budget bills. David Goldston explains why 'earmarks' for research and development have risen so dramatically in recent years. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/447628a
更新日期:2007-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::There has been much interest in the biochemical and biophysical processes that couple extracellular signals to alterations in gene expression. While many early events associated with the treatment of cells with growth factors have been described (for example, ion flux and protein phosphorylation), it has proved diffic...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/322552a0
更新日期:1986-08-07 00:00:00