Abstract：
:Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating mental disorder with complex clinical manifestations and low diagnostic accuracy. Depressive episodes are most common in the course of BD with high comorbidity and suicide rates, which present greater clinical challenges than mania and hypomania episodes. However, there are no objective biomarkers for bipolar depression. The aim of this study was to detect urinary metabolite biomarkers that could be useful for the diagnosis of bipolar depression. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to profile urine samples of patients with bipolar depression (n = 37) and healthy volunteers (n = 48). Data were analyzed using Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis and t-test. Differential metabolites were identified (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05), and further analyzed using Metabo Analyst 3.0 to identify associated metabolic pathways. In total, we identified seven metabolites differentially expressed in patients with BD and healthy controls. Compared with healthy group, the levels of betaine, glycerol, hippuric acid, indole sulfate, trimethylamine oxide, and urea in urine samples of BD patients were significantly higher, while the level of inositol was significantly lower. Most of these small molecules are related to lipid metabolism and gut microbiota metabolism. These differential metabolites could provide critical insight into the pathological mechanisms of bipolar depression. The results of this study provide a meaningful reference for similar and further studies in the future.
journal_name
Neurosci Lettjournal_title
Neuroscience lettersauthors
Ren Y,Chen ZZ,Sun XL,Duan HJ,Tian JS,Wang JY,Yang Hdoi
10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135515subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-18 00:00:00pages
135515eissn
0304-3940issn
1872-7972pii
S0304-3940(20)30785-0journal_volume
742pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We examined astroglial cells in the brain of the pygmy shrew Sorex minutus (Insectivora). For that purpose we labeled glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemically in brain sections with a polyclonal antibody. Antigen retrieval experiments were performed to counteract formaldehyde fixation masking of GF...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2004.07.014
更新日期：2004-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The paper focuses on such candidate gene polymorphisms that alter alcoholism-related intermediate phenotypes including: dopaminergic system polymorphic variants (DRD2 -141C Ins/Del in promoter region, exon 8 and DRD2 TaqI A and DAT 40bp VNTR genes polymorphisms) that cause predisposition to severe alcoholism (haplotyp...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.005
更新日期：2006-12-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study investigated the time course of the affective processing bias in major depressive disorder (MDD) in a visual three-stimulus semantic oddball task using event-related potentials (ERPs). MDD patients showed decreased P1 latency over right posterior regions to negative relative to positive target stimul...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.059
更新日期：2011-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The cloned vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1) is recognized as a common molecular target for protons, noxious heat, and vanilloids. The presence of VR1 in the dorsal root, trigeminal, and nodose ganglia has been firmly established, but it is unclear in the gut, despite this VR1 may be important for gastric mucosal homeostasis...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02021-3
更新日期：2001-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:With the use of an antiserum against human apelin-36, apelin-immunoreactivity (irAP) was detected in neurons and cell processes of the supraoptic nucleus (SO), paraventricular nucleus (PVH), accessory neurosecretory nuclei (Acc) and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Strongly labeled cells/processes were noted in the internal l...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00411-1
更新日期：2002-07-26 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested whether the stimulation of acupoints in the same spinal segments could induce different central responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Stimulation of acupoints ST36/SP6 (Zusanli/Sanyinjiao) or GB34/BL57 (Yanglingquan/Chengshan) both activated primary and secondary somatosensory ar...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2003.09.080
更新日期：2004-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The etiology of neurodegenerative disease remains unclear. Recently, SNP rs11868035, located in an intron of the sterol regulatory element binding factor (SREBF1) gene, was found to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in a large European population in a genome-wide association study. To examine the p...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.015
更新日期：2018-01-18 00:00:00
abstract：:A quantitative analysis of cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in histochemically stained sections of rat brain was developed using tissue standards and computerized image processing. Standards of brain paste containing known amounts of CO were cryosectioned and stained under the same conditions as brain sections. The gr...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(91)90943-n
更新日期：1991-02-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis between the central nervous system and the blood circulation. One of the main efflux transporter proteins at the BBB is P-glycoprotein (P-gP) also known as ABCB1 or MDR1. Due to the important role of P-gP for the transport barrier function of the BBB, the presenc...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.079
更新日期：2010-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of neuromelanic pigment in neurons of the rat substantia nigra (SN) is a matter of controversy. The presence of neuromelanin in the SN of 15--24-month-old rats was investigated by electron microscopy (EM) and the findings compared to the morphology and distribution of neuromelanin in SN of dogs. In the ra...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(86)90614-2
更新日期：1986-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) increased neuronal excitability specifically in type II neurons of the dorsolateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBNST). Because the majority of type II dlBNST neurons are thought to be GABAergic interneurons, at least a portion of w...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.059
更新日期：2015-07-23 00:00:00
abstract：:beta-Bungarotoxin (BuTx)-binding cells were immunocytochemically examined in the developing rat cerebellum. The tissue was incubated with BuTx and then immunostained with antiserum against its toxoid. On postnatal day 6, only Golgi cells were positive for immunoreaction. Immunoreactive Golgi cells were reduced in numb...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(87)90187-x
更新日期：1987-04-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Bay K 8644, nimodipine and omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CgTx) were used to study the different contribution of voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) to [3H]acetylcholine ([[3H]ACh) release in rat hippocampal synaptosomes. In our experimental conditions, the percentage of calcium-dependent ACh release was approximat...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(94)90779-x
更新日期：1994-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence suggests that among the factors that lead to neurodegenerative changes in Parkinson's disease are stimulation of lipid peroxidation and deficiency of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in substantia nigra. We have investigated the effect of neurodegenerative changes on plasma and erythrocytes of pa...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(88)90467-3
更新日期：1988-05-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Capsaicin, a neurotoxin which impairs some primary afferent nerve fibers, was locally applied to the mesenteric nerve trunks of adult guinea pigs. The effect of capsaicin was studied on contractile responses of the ileum to mesenteric nerve stimulation (20 Hz). Exposure of the mesenteric nerve to capsaicin (1 microM) ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(89)90218-8
更新日期：1989-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a part of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, is involved in the control of breathing. The mechanisms by which the RTN modulate the activity of respiratory neurons during chemoreceptor stimulation are not fully understood. This electrophysiological study performed in the cat demonstrat...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00770-9
更新日期：2000-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the topographical distribution of laser sensory thresholds on the human hairy skin, using a small laser beam for pinprick and a large beam for warmth sensations. The threshold for pinprick sensation correlated positively with the distance from the brain, suggesting that Adelta nociceptors, the fibers which ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01038-7
更新日期：2000-05-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral myelin P0 protein is a homophilic adhesion molecule of immunoglobulin superfamily to compact myelin structure. In addition to its roles in formation and maintenance of myelin, P0 shows neurite-outgrowth promotion activity of dorsal root ganglions. In this paper, we examined biological activity of P0 in cent...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(94)90859-1
更新日期：1994-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：:This review attempts to explain the symptoms experienced by patients with inflammatory neuropathies by pathophysiological events. The emphasis is not on the primary events that may cause a particular illness but on downstream events taking place in peripheral nerves or muscles. Symptoms that will be discussed include ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.009
更新日期：2015-06-02 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes in detail the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining characteristics of the normal human amygdaloid complex using fixed post-mortem brain tissue. It was shown that the differential AChE staining of the amygdala could be used to accurately delineate amygdaloid subdivisions macroscopically. Using the ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(85)80097-5
更新日期：1985-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Calpain activity of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells shows a transient diminution in the early phase of differentiation. Calpain activity can be further decreased by a cell-permeable calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, which enhances the effect of NGF by stimulating neurite elongation. The...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(94)90246-1
更新日期：1994-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) polysaccharides have been reported to play a crucial role in the proliferation and maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, little is known about the structural changes and functional role of CS/DS chains in the differentiation of NSCs. Western blots of NSCs, neuro...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2011.02.019
更新日期：2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Microrecording of single unit response to contact heat-evoked potential (CHEP) were performed in right ventral posterior lateral (VPL) thalamus during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in a patient with chronic neurogenic pain. In our patient, neurons (n = 10) recorded in the ventral thalamus fired at a higher rate...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2004.06.024
更新日期：2004-09-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous action potentials were recorded longitudinally for 4-7 weeks from dissociated rat occipital cortex cells cultured on planar multi-electrode plates, during their development from isolated neurons into synaptically connected neuronal networks. Activity typically consisted of generalized bursts lasting up to ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.062
更新日期：2004-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism has been observed in the promoter of the alpha-synuclein (alpha-SYN)/NAC precursor protein (NACP) gene. Alpha-SYN/NACP allele 3 (described by Xia et al. (Ann. Neurol., 40 (1996) 207), equivalent to allele 1 described by Krüger et al. (Ann. Neurol. 45 (1999) 611) is reported to be signi...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01557-9
更新日期：2001-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogen not only modulates nigrostriatal function but also developmental processes in the striatum. Recently, we have demonstrated the presence of the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme aromatase in the developing mouse striatum. This study is concerned with the expression of estrogen receptor-alpha/beta (ER) mRNA in the d...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00815-0
更新日期：1999-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) dose-dependently inhibited [3H]norepinephrine (NE) secretion and the corresponding [Ca2+]i rise induced by the nicotinic receptor agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpoperazimium (DMPP) in bovine chromaffin cells. DHEAS at 10 microM, the physiological concentration in human serum, signi...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(96)12350-8
更新日期：1996-02-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the 32 kDa heat shock protein, was examined in the traumatized rat brain. At 24 h after either mild or severe brain injury or sham surgery, HO-1 was immunolocalized in fixed sections of brain. After mild brain injury, hemorrhage was apparent in the subarachnoid space, external...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(95)12042-3
更新日期：1995-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The human nervous system displays remarkable functional plasticity following long-term sensory deprivation. For example, the auditory cortex of congenitally deaf humans may start to process tactile information. To further explore this type of cross-modal plasticity, we examined the tactile accuracy of congenitally dea...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01597-x
更新日期：2001-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies using short-interval paired-pulse TMS have provided valuable insights into physiology of human motor cortex. Depending on the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the two pulses intra-cortical facilitation (ICF) or intra-cortical inhibition (ICI) can be observed. Similar patterns of inhibition and fac...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.036
更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00
