Abstract：
:An RNA world has been placed centre stage for explaining the origin of life. Indeed, RNA is the most plausible molecule able to form both a (self)-replicator and to inherit information, necessities for initiating genetics. However, in parallel with self-replication, the proto-organism had to obtain the ability to catalyse supply of its chemical constituents, including the ribonucleotide metabolites required to replicate RNA. Although the possibility of an RNA-catalysed metabolic network has been considered, it is to be questioned whether RNA molecules, at least on their own, possess the required catalytic capacities. An alternative scenario for the origin of metabolism involves chemical reactions that are based on environmental catalysts. Recently, we described a non-enzymatic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway-like reactions catalysed by metal ions [mainly Fe(II)] and phosphate, simple inorganic molecules abundantly found in Archaean sediments. While the RNA world can serve to explain the origin of genetics, the origin of the metabolic network might thus date back to constraints of environmental chemistry. Interestingly, considering a metal-catalysed origin of metabolism gives rise to an attractive hypothesis about how the first enzymes could have formed: simple RNA or (poly)peptide molecules could have bound the metal ions, and thus increased their solubility, concentration and accessibility. In a second step, this would have allowed substrate specificity to evolve.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Ralser Mdoi
10.1042/BST20140132subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-01 00:00:00pages
985-8issue
4eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST20140132journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Macrophage apoptosis occurs within the granuloma, which is essential for successful immunity to tuberculosis. In vitro macrophage apoptosis is associated with the killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A greater understanding of these observations will lead to new immunotherapies and improved vaccine des...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0320496
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) receptor is a family B GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor). It consists of a GPCR, CLR (calcitonin receptor-like receptor) and an accessory protein, RAMP1 (receptor activity modifying protein 1). RAMP1 is needed for CGRP binding and also cell-surface expression of CLR. CLR is a...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20120251
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CRISPR base editing technology is a promising genome editing tool as (i) it does not require a DNA template to introduce mutations and (ii) it avoids creating DNA double-strand breaks, which can lead to unintended chromosomal alterations or elicit an unwanted DNA damage response. Given many cancers originate from poin...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST20200550
更新日期：2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells requires the kinesin-1/Kif5B-mediated transport of insulin granules along microtubules. 5'-AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase which is activated in beta-cells at low glucose concentrations, but inhibited as ...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0380205
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biophysical techniques developed during the last three decades have provided an increasingly detailed description of the internal processes associated with ligand capture and release by haem proteins. Myoglobin has long been the paradigm for these studies. More recently, cytochrome P450cam (the camphor-metabolizing cy...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST0340975
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) mRNA is expressed in a panoply of tissues, including the brain, where it is widely distributed. In the mouse brain, it is expressed in the hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial and arcuate nuclei), the thalamus (submedius nucleus) and the brain-stem (dors...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/0300-5127:0290812
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic and epidemiologic studies support the idea that the type of dietary fat is more important than the total amount of fat with respect to the development of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular heart disease. Dietary fat is carried in CMs (chylomicrons), which can be taken up by macrophages without ne...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0350470
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron, copper and zinc are essential metals for cell metabolism. Plants have evolved different schemes to efficiently mobilize low-solubility nutrients such as metals from their environment and to transport them between organs. In this review we highlight the divergences and convergences of the iron, copper and zinc up...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/bst0300766
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glycation is one of the important reactions regulating physiological state, and glycative stress, namely an overwhelming and unfavourable glycation state, is established as a pathological factor. Glycative stress is closely associated with not only various kidney diseases, but also kidney aging. Accumulating evidence,...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20140007
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The revolution of genomics and growth of systems biology urged the creation of synthetic biology, an engineering discipline aiming at recreating and reprogramming cellular functions for industrial needs. There has been a huge effort in synthetic biology to develop versatile and programmable genetic regulators that wou...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20190173
更新日期：2019-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate), has been with us for nearly 20 years and yet we still cannot fully agree on the identity of its target Ca2+-release channel. In spite of some recent robust challenges to the idea that two-pore channels (TPCs) represent the elu...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20140300
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trafficking within eukaryotic cells is a complex and highly regulated process; events such as recycling of plasma membrane receptors, formation of multivesicular bodies, regulated release of hormones and delivery of proteins to membranes all require directionality and specificity. The underpinning processes, including...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20170202
更新日期：2017-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite decades of research, many aspects of the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain unclear, and this is reflected in the antiquated tools available to treat and prevent tuberculosis and consequently this disease remains a serious public health problem. Important discoveries linking the metabolism of M. tube...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST0381286
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complex biological machines arise from self-assembly on the basis of structural features programmed into sequence-specific macromolecules (i.e. polypeptides and polynucleotides) at the molecular level. As a consequence of the near-absolute control of macromolecular architecture that results from such sequence specific...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0370653
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling pathway functions as a nutrient sensor, both in individual cells and, more globally, in organs such as the fat body in Drosophila and the hypothalamus in the rat. The activity of placental amino acid transporters is decreased in IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction)...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0370295
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reciprocal biochemical and biophysical interactions between tumor cells, stromal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) result in a unique tumor microenvironment that determines disease outcome. The cellular component of the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor growth by providing nutrients, assisting in the ...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20180334
更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Targeting of protein kinases and phosphatases to the cytoskeleton enhances the regulation of many signalling events. Cytoskeletal signalling complexes facilitate this process by optimizing the relay of messages from membrane receptors to specific sites on the actin cytoskeleton. These signals influence fundamental cel...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/bst0310087
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were originally thought to only be released by phagocytic cells during their role in host defence. It is now clear that ROS have a cell signalling role in many biological systems, both in animals and in plants. ROS induce programmed cell death or necrosis, induce or suppress the expressio...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/0300-5127:0290345
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple cellular proteins have been identified as participating in Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-mediated inflammatory gene expression. The continuing isolation of novel components, based on sequence similarities, protein-protein interactions and protein purification, suggests that many elements of this signalling netw...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST20051405
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The completely sequenced genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 contains several open reading frames, of which the deduced amino acid sequences show similarities to proteins known to be involved in FeS cluster synthesis of nitrogenase (Nif proteins) and other FeS proteins (Isc proteins). In this article, ...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/bst0290418
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have described a large number of different mutations in the LPL gene that result in completely catalytically defective LPL protein. More recently exonic polymorphisms in the LPL gene have been described that do not result in the catalytic activity of LPL being significantly impaired. Furthermore we have recently de...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/bst0210506
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of nitric oxide-bound leghaemoglobin within soya bean nodules has led to the question of how Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids overcome the toxicity of this nitric oxide. It has previously been shown that one candidate for nitric oxide detoxification, the respiratory nitric oxide reductase, is exp...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0340195
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the effects of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by the stimulation of the NO-sensitive GC (guanylate cyclase) and the subsequent increase in cGMP formation. The enzyme contains a prosthetic haem group, which mediates NO stimulation. In addition to the physiological activator NO, NO-sensit...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST20051119
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From a protein structural viewpoint, tryptophan is often considered an inert structural amino acid, playing a role as a hydrophobic anchor in membrane proteins or as part of the hydrophobic core of soluble proteins. However, tryptophan is the only polyaromatic amino acid and, from a chemical viewpoint, possesses uniqu...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20120073
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beta galactosidases (BGALs) are glycosyl hydrolases that remove terminal β-D-galactosyl residues from β-D-galactosides. There are 17 predicted BGAL genes in the genomes of both Arabidopsis (BGAL1-17) and tomato (TBG1-17). All tested BGALs have BGAL activity but their distinct expression profiles and ancient phylogenet...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20150217
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated tyrosine kinase receptors acquire ubiquitin tags. Ubiquitination governs receptor down-regulation through interaction with components of the endosomal ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery that shepherds receptors into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies en route to the l...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST0340754
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian peroxisomes degrade fatty carboxylates via two pathways, beta-oxidation and, as shown more recently, alpha-oxidation. The latter process consists of an activation step, followed by a hydroxylation at position 2 and cleavage of the 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA, generating formyl-CoA (precursor of formate/CO(2)) and, in ...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/0300-5127:0290292
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Wilms' tumour-suppressor gene (WT1), encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that is critical for the development of several organs, including the kidneys, gonads and spleen. Despite its identification as a tumour suppressor that plays a crucial role in the formation of a paediatric malignancy of the kidneys (W...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0360629
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian vascular system consists of two distinct, but closely related, networks: the blood vasculature (itself divided into arterial and venous networks) and the lymphatic vasculature. EC (endothelial cell) lineage specification has been proposed to be determined during embryonic development, after which the ECs...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20110723
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allostery is a biological phenomenon of critical importance in metabolic regulation and cell signalling. The fundamental premise of classical models that describe allostery is that structure mediates 'action at a distance'. Recently, this paradigm has been challenged by the enrichment of IDPs (intrinsically disordered...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20120163
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
