SNARE phosphorylation: a control mechanism for insulin-stimulated glucose transport and other regulated exocytic events.

abstract：:Many Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional regulators exhibit changes in phosphorylation that are coincident with their roles in transcriptional activation. It is, however, unclear whether these changes occur as a cause of, or as a result of, transcriptional activation. In this paper, we explore the relationship between these t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leverentz MK,Reece RJ

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TRP (transient receptor potential) channels comprise a superfamily of non-selective cation channels with at least seven subfamilies. The variety of subfamilies corresponds to the differences in the activation mechanisms and functions. TRPM3 (TRP melastatin 3) and TRPV4 (TRP vanilloid 3) have been characterized as cati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Harteneck C,Reiter B

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ets family of eukaryotic transcription factors is based around the conserved Ets DNA-binding domain. Although their DNA-binding selectivity is biochemically and structurally well characterized, structures of homodimeric and ternary complexes point to Ets domains functioning as versatile protein-interaction modules...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cooper CD,Newman JA,Gileadi O

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chicken pox (varicella) and shingles (zoster). Although considered benign diseases, both varicella and zoster can cause complications. Zoster is painful and can lead to post herpetic neuralgia. VZV has also been linked to stroke, related to giant cell arteritis in...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oliver SL,Zhou M,Arvin AM

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of proteins is inseparably linked to their function. Because most biological processes involve a number of different proteins, it may become impossible to study the evolutionary properties of proteins in isolation. In the present article, we show how simple mechanistic models of biological processes can ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Huvet M,Toni T,Tan H,Jovanovic G,Engl C,Buck M,Stumpf MP

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitination is a fundamental post-translational modification that regulates almost all aspects of cellular signalling and is ultimately catalysed by the action of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The RING-between-RING (RBR) family of E3 ligases encompasses 14 distinct human enzymes that are defined by a unique domain organisa...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cotton TR,Lechtenberg BC

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Identified five decades ago amongst the most abundant cellular RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were initially described as serving as guides for the methylation and pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNA through direct base pairing. In recent years, however, increasingly powerful high-throughput genomic approaches an...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bergeron D,Fafard-Couture É,Scott MS

更新日期：2020-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:For a disease such as cancer, where a number of alterations to normal cell function accumulate over time, there are several opportunities to inhibit, slow down or even reverse the process. Many of the changes which drive the disease process occur in cell-signalling pathways that regulate proliferation and apoptosis. A...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Manson MM,Holloway KA,Howells LM,Hudson EA,Plummer SM,Squires MS,Prigent SA

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A full picture of the similarities between Family A and Family B GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) has been frustrated by the lack of clear homology between the respective sequences. Here, we review previous computational studies on GPCR dimerization in which the putative dimerization interfaces have been analysed u...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Vohra S,Chintapalli SV,Illingworth CJ,Reeves PJ,Mullineaux PM,Clark HS,Dean MK,Upton GJ,Reynolds CA

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crystal structure data for Escherichia coli beta-ketoacyl synthase (KAS) I with C(10) and C(12) fatty acid substrates bound in conjunction with results from mutagenizing residues in the active site leads to a model for catalysis. Differences from and similarities to the other Claisen enzymes carrying out decarboxylati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： von Wettstein-Knowles P,Olsen J,Arnvig Mcguire K,Larsen S

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic fibrosis, one of the major human inherited diseases, is caused by defects in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), a cell-membrane protein. CFTR acts as a chloride channel which can be opened by ATP. Low-resolution structural studies of purified recombinant human CFTR are described in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Awayn NH,Rosenberg MF,Kamis AB,Aleksandrov LA,Riordan JR,Ford RC

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipoprotein oxidation is thought to play a pivotal role in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main source of oxidized lipid in the arterial wall. Oxidation of LDL alters its properties in a number of ways, making it more atherogenic, but oxidation of other lipoprotein classes may al...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Young IS,McFarlane C,McEneny J

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The continuous battle for survival in the environment has led to the development or acquisition of sophisticated defence systems in bacteria. These defence systems have contributed to the survival of the bacterial species in the environment for millions of years. Some systems appear to have evolved in a number of path...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Louwen R,van Baarlen P

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of the translation initiation complex represents the rate-limiting step in protein synthesis. Translation initiation in the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus depends on several translation IFs (initiation factors), some of which have eukaryal but no bacterial counterparts. In the present paper, we rev...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： La Teana A,Benelli D,Londei P,Bläsi U

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With >800 members, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell-surface signalling proteins, and their activation mediates diverse physiological processes. GPCRs are ubiquitously distributed across all cell types, involved in many diseases and are major drug targets. However, GPCR drug discovery i...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ellisdon AM,Halls ML

更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Other than signalling receptors sustaining leucocyte recruitment during inflammatory reactions, the chemokine system includes 'silent' receptors with distinct specificity and tissue distribution. The best-characterized molecule of this subgroup is the CC chemokine receptor D6, which binds most inflammatory CC chemokin...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Borroni EM,Buracchi C,de la Torre YM,Galliera E,Vecchi A,Bonecchi R,Mantovani A,Locati M

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AWAP IV constitutes the C-terminal domain of the larger 81 kDa protein AWAK [Avian WAP (whey acidic protein) domain- and Kunitz domain-containing], which is predicted, through conserved domain database searching, to contain at least four WAP domains and one Kunitz domain. RT (reverse transcription)-PCR analyses reveal...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Townes CL,Milona P,Hall J

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:USP7 (also called HAUSP) is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme recently identified as a key regulator of the p53-mdm2 pathway, which stabilizes both p53 and mdm2. We have discovered that the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus binds with high affinity to USP7 and disrupts the USP7-p53 interaction. The...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Holowaty MN,Frappier L

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsK is a multifunctional protein, which, in Escherichia coli, co-ordinates the essential functions of cell division, DNA unlinking and chromosome segregation. Its C-terminus is a DNA translocase, the fastest yet characterized, which acts as a septum-localized DNA pump. FtsK's C-terminus also interacts with the XerCD ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Grainge I

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex biological machines arise from self-assembly on the basis of structural features programmed into sequence-specific macromolecules (i.e. polypeptides and polynucleotides) at the molecular level. As a consequence of the near-absolute control of macromolecular architecture that results from such sequence specific...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dublin S,Zimenkov Y,Conticello VP

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ito K

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key regulator of cell growth, metabolism and survival. The frequent activation of the PI3K pathway in cancer has stimulated widespread interest in identifying potent and selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms. The present paper highlights recent progress in identifying such molecul...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Knight ZA,Shokat KM

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human colonic microbiota degrades dietary substrates that are indigestible in the upper GIT (gastrointestinal tract), releasing bacterial metabolites, some of which are important for gut health. Advances in molecular biology techniques have facilitated detailed analyses of the composition of the bacterial communit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scott KP,Duncan SH,Louis P,Flint HJ

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The completely sequenced genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 contains several open reading frames, of which the deduced amino acid sequences show similarities to proteins known to be involved in FeS cluster synthesis of nitrogenase (Nif proteins) and other FeS proteins (Isc proteins). In this article, ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Seidler A,Jaschkowitz K,Wollenberg M

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, I review three new structural studies from our laboratory. First, the crystal structure of RNA polymerase (Pol) II in complex with an RNA inhibitor revealed that this RNA blocks transcription initiation by preventing DNA loading into the active-centre cleft. Secondly, the structure of the SRI (Set2 Rpb1-interact...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cramer P

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Native disulphide bonds are essential for the structure and function of many membrane and secretory proteins. Disulphide bonds are formed, reduced and isomerized in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells by a family of oxidoreductases, which includes protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), ERp57, ERp72, P5 and PDIR....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jessop CE,Chakravarthi S,Watkins RH,Bulleid NJ

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advantages of Hansenula polymorpha as a new yeast expression system are discussed in terms of the powerful and regulatable methanol oxidase promoter and the organism's ability to grow on cheap carbon sources. The development of techniques for conventional genetic analysis is described. A total of 218 mutants have ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sudbery PE,Gleeson MA,Veale RA,Ledeboer AM,Zoetmulder MC

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice devoid of the original uncoupling protein UCP1 have provided opportunities to delineate UCP1 function in a series of biochemical and physiological contexts. The isolated brown-fat mitochondria from such mice are fully coupled (without the addition of GDP), but still exhibit a depressed capacity for ATP synthesis....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Nedergaard J,Golozoubova V,Matthias A,Shabalina I,Ohba K,Ohlson K,Jacobsson A,Cannon B

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on recent insights into the mechanisms and the biological functions of the proteasome. This large ATP-dependent proteolytic complex is the main site for protein degradation in mammalian cells and catalyses the rapid degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, and is the source of most antigenic peptides...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Goldberg AL

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various investigators have identified the major domain organization of LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), which includes a GTPase ROC (Ras of complex proteins) domain followed by a COR (C-terminal of ROC) domain and a protein kinase domain. In addition, there are four domains composed of structural repeat motifs li...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mills RD,Mulhern TD,Cheng HC,Culvenor JG

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00