Regulatory T cells in the central nervous system.

abstract：:The genes that encode molecules involved in antigen presentation within the class I and class II regions of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) include several that are highly polymorphic. There is evidence that this polymorphism is maintained by positive selection, most likely overdominant selection,...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Yeager M,Hughes AL

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved from a Mycobacterium canettii-like progenitor pool into one of the most successful and widespread human pathogens. The pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis is linked to its ability to secrete/export/release selected mycobacterial proteins, and it is also established that active relea...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Majlessi L,Prados-Rosales R,Casadevall A,Brosch R

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding how the integrins on leukocytes operate is important because these receptors control the activity of leukocytes in all phases of their lives. Thus integrins control leukocyte development and maturation in bone marrow, the circulation of naive cells in secondary lymphoid tissue, e.g. the lymph nodes, and ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hogg N,Henderson R,Leitinger B,McDowall A,Porter J,Stanley P

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are innate immune system cells that play an essential role in eradicating invading pathogens. PMN migration to sites of infection/inflammation requires exiting the microcirculation and subsequent crossing of epithelial barriers in mucosa-lined organs such as the lungs and intestine...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Brazil JC,Parkos CA

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear hormone receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) induces a pro-inflammatory program in lymphoid cells, culminating in the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, IL-22, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor. During ontogeny, the first type of cells expre...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Eberl G

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interest in DNA immunization of animals continues, despite the fact that immune responses induced by DNA vaccines are generally lower than those elicited by conventional vaccines. In attempts to enhance the immune response to DNA vaccines, individuals have tried a variety of immune modulators, cytokines, and costimula...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S,Babiuk SL,Babiuk LA

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure and amino acid diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR), similar in nature to that of Fab portions of antibodies, would suggest that these proteins have a nearly infinite capacity to recognize antigen. Yet all currently defined native T cells expressing an α and β chain in their TCR can only sense antigen ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Castro CD,Luoma AM,Adams EJ

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus infection is still one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, with a disproportionate human and economic burden especially in poorer countries. Despite many years of intense research, an aspect that still is not well understood is what (immune) mechanisms con...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Cardozo EF,Apetrei C,Pandrea I,Ribeiro RM

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 share a common chain. Yet, their production in response to pathogens is differentially regulated, and their functions are distinct and often antithetic. IL-12 is involved in the induction or amplification of the T-helper (Th) type 1 response, whereas IL-23 has been associated with the ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Lyakh L,Trinchieri G,Provezza L,Carra G,Gerosa F

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tyrosine ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa) kinase plays a critical role in activating many downstream signal transduction pathways in T cells following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement. The importance of ZAP-70 is evidenced by the severe combined immunodeficiency that occurs in ZAP-70-deficient mice and h...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Au-Yeung BB,Deindl S,Hsu LY,Palacios EH,Levin SE,Kuriyan J,Weiss A

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphocytes can interfere with the activity of other lymphocytes in a thousand and one ways. A particular subset of so-called regulatory CD4+ T cells is capable of controlling the activity of other lymphocytes in yet another way. Their function is primarily defined by the ability to protect the integrity of tissues an...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Annacker O,Pimenta-Araujo R,Burlen-Defranoux O,Bandeira A

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) is a highly conserved region in the cytoplasmic domain of signaling chains and receptors and is a critical mediator of intracellular signals. ITAM-mediated signals depend on the Syk or zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa tyrosine kinases, and ITAM signaling is re...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Humphrey MB,Lanier LL,Nakamura MC

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis is believed to be mediated by T cells specific for myelin antigens that circulate harmlessly in the periphery of healthy individuals until they are erroneously activated by an environmental stimulus. Upon activation, the T cells enter the central nervous system and orchestrate an immune response aga...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Goverman JM

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells that escape negative selection in the thymus must be inactivated or eliminated in the periphery through a series of mechanisms that include the induction of anergy, dominant suppression by regulatory T cells, and peripheral deletion of self-reactive T cells. Calcium signaling plays a central role in the inductio...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Baine I,Abe BT,Macian F

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MHC class I molecules function to present peptides comprised of eight to 11 residues to CD8+ T lymphocytes. Here we review the efforts of our laboratory to understand how cells generate such peptides from viral gene products. We particularly focus on the nature of substrates acted on by cytosolic proteases, the contri...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Yewdell J,Antón LC,Bacik I,Schubert U,Snyder HL,Bennink JR

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the fundamental aspects of the innate immune system is its capacity to discriminate between self and non-self or altered self, and to quickly respond by eliciting effector mechanisms that act in concert to restore normalcy. This capacity is determined by a set of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition rec...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Saleh M

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to engineer the antibody molecule has now progressed to the stage where one can realistically contemplate creating a pharmacologically useful targeting molecule comprising a single-chain, minimal antibody combining site together with a domain that imparts a second functionality. It will certainly be possib...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Haber E

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular analysis of the Class II region of the MHC of mice and of humans has to date led to some important conclusions. These regions encode sizeable families of related loci, at least 2 alpha and 6 beta in mice and 6 alpha and 7 beta in man. In addition to the sizeable number of potential molecules that could b...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Bell JI,Denny DW Jr,McDevitt HO

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Shc is a prototype adapter protein that is expressed from the earliest stages of T-cell development. Shc becomes rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated after T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement. Expression of dominant negative forms of Shc in T-cell lines had also suggested a role for this adapter downstream of the TCR. However...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zhang L,Lorenz U,Ravichandran KS

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Almost four decades of research into the role of human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) in susceptibility to spondyloarthritis has yet to yield a convincing answer. New results from an HLA-B27 transgenic rat model now demonstrate quite convincingly that CD8(+) T cells are not required for the inflammatory phenotype. Di...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Colbert RA,DeLay ML,Klenk EI,Layh-Schmitt G

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptides derived from parasites are presented to T helper cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alpha beta heterodimeric cell-surface molecules. In mice and humans, the genes encoding these antigen-presenting molecules are known to be polymorphic and polygenic. Multiple loci for MHC class II A and B...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： McConnell TJ,Godwin UB,Cuthbertson BJ

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review emphasizes some of the differences between the fate of allogeneic H2-incompatible T-cells, when injected into immunodeficient, T-depleted mice, or as parental cells injected into F1 hybrids. In both conditions, allogeneic cells are eliminated, a rejection which cannot be predicted from the fate of a skin g...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Piguet PF,Vassalli P

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:BCL6 is a transcriptional repressor required in mature B cells during the germinal center (GC) reaction. Multiple mechanisms act coordinately to timely modulate BCL6 expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. BCL6 prevents premature activation and differentiation of GC B cells and provides an envir...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Basso K,Dalla-Favera R

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a crucial role in orchestrating the humoral arm of adaptive immune responses. Mature Tfh cells localize to follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) where they provide help to B cells in germinal centers (GCs) to facilitate immunoglobulin affinity maturation, class-switch recom...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Song W,Craft J

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria, caused by the infection with parasites of the germs Plasmodium, is one of the three most important infectious diseases worldwide, along with tuberculosis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes classically involved in the early defense against viral infection...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Roetynck S,Baratin M,Johansson S,Lemmers C,Vivier E,Ugolini S

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is now convincing evidence that autoreactive CD8+ T cells can contribute to the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. In the non-obese diabetic mouse, there is direct evidence that beta-islet cell-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells have a pathogenic effect. In human diseases such as autoimmune diabete...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Vizler C,Bercovici N,Cornet A,Cambouris C,Liblau RS

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors are important regulators of the gene programs underlying the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. The family consists of five members: Ikaros, Helios, Aiolos, Eos, and Pegasus, which engage in both homo- and heterotypic intrafamilial interactions to exert diverse functio...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Read KA,Jones DM,Freud AG,Oestreich KJ

更新日期：2020-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the biggest barriers to achieving allograft tolerance is the presence of immunological memory within the recipient, which confers a faster, more robust immune response that is in most cases more resistant to pharmacologic immunosuppression. This review will identify the mechanisms by which alloreactive T cells ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hartigan CR,Sun H,Ford ML

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The infiltration of human tumors by T cells is a common phenomenon, and over the past decades, it has become increasingly clear that the nature of such intratumoral T-cell populations can predict disease course. Furthermore, intratumoral T cells have been utilized therapeutically in clinical studies of adoptive T-cell...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Linnemann C,Mezzadra R,Schumacher TN

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inoculation of plasmid DNA is a simple way to immunize, but it is characterized by low immunogenicity, which has hampered the development of effective DNA vaccines for human use. Here, we discuss how poor immunogenicity can be solved and present our proposal: genetically programmed B lymphocytes as antigen-presenting ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zanetti M,Castiglioni P,Rizzi M,Wheeler M,Gerloni M

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00