Abstract：
:Multiple sclerosis is believed to be mediated by T cells specific for myelin antigens that circulate harmlessly in the periphery of healthy individuals until they are erroneously activated by an environmental stimulus. Upon activation, the T cells enter the central nervous system and orchestrate an immune response against myelin. To understand the initial steps in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, it is important to identify the mechanisms that maintain T-cell tolerance to myelin antigens and to understand how some myelin-specific T cells escape tolerance and what conditions lead to their activation. Central tolerance strongly shapes the peripheral repertoire of myelin-specific T cells, as most myelin-specific T cells are eliminated by clonal deletion in the thymus. Self-reactive T cells that escape central tolerance are generally capable only of low-avidity interactions with antigen-presenting cells. Despite the low avidity of these interactions, peripheral tolerance mechanisms are required to prevent spontaneous autoimmunity. Multiple peripheral tolerance mechanisms for myelin-specific T cells have been identified, the most important of which appears to be regulatory T cells. While most studies have focused on CD4(+) myelin-specific T cells, interesting differences in tolerance mechanisms and the conditions that abrogate these mechanisms have recently been described for CD8(+) myelin-specific T cells.
journal_name
Immunol Revjournal_title
Immunological reviewsauthors
Goverman JMdoi
10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01016.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
228-40issue
1eissn
0105-2896issn
1600-065Xjournal_volume
241pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Adaptive immunity has traditionally been considered a unique feature of vertebrate physiology. Unlike innate immune responses, which remain essentially unchanged upon exposure to a recurrent challenge with the same stimulus, adaptive immune cells possess the ability to learn and remember. Thus, secondary adaptive resp...
journal_title：Immunological reviews
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
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更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
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更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
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更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
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更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Immunological reviews
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更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
