BB rat lyp mutation and Type 1 diabetes.

abstract：:Adaptive immunity has traditionally been considered a unique feature of vertebrate physiology. Unlike innate immune responses, which remain essentially unchanged upon exposure to a recurrent challenge with the same stimulus, adaptive immune cells possess the ability to learn and remember. Thus, secondary adaptive resp...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Paust S,Senman B,von Andrian UH

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signaling through the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) contributes to T-cell tolerance by controlling three important aspects of regulatory T-cell (Treg) biology. IL-2 is essential for thymic Treg development and regulates Treg homeostasis and suppressive function. Analogous to activated conventional T lymphocytes, IL-2...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Cheng G,Yu A,Malek TR

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells of inbred mice reject allogeneic bone-marrow cells, and NK cells of F1 hybrid mice can reject parental bone-marrow cells (hybrid resistance). In some cases these patterns of rejection can be mimicked in vitro by utilizing IL-2 cultured NK effector cells and allogeneic or parental T-lymphoblas...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： George T,Yu YY,Liu J,Davenport C,Lemieux S,Stoneman E,Mathew PA,Kumar V,Bennett M

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Negative regulation of intracellular signaling delivered by the antigen receptors and coreceptors plays an important role in lymphocyte development and activation. Recent data from our laboratory and others have identified the Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases as important negative regulators in both T-cell and B-cell a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Huang F,Gu H

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) constitute a family of effectors in innate immunity and regulators of tissue remodeling that have a cytokine and transcription factor expression pattern that parallels that of the T-helper (Th) cell family. Here, we discuss how ILCs can be categorized and summarize the current knowledge of...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Bernink J,Mjösberg J,Spits H

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, a Th1-biased autoimmune response arises spontaneously against glutamic acid decarboxylase, concurrent with the onset of insulitis. Subsequently, Th1-type autoreactivity spreads intra- and intermolecularly to other beta-cell autoantigens (beta CAAs), suggesting that a spontaneous ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Tian J,Olcott AP,Hanssen LR,Zekzer D,Middleton B,Kaufman DL

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein (Env) and influenza hemagglutinin (HA) are the surface glycoproteins responsible for viral entry into host cells, the first step in the virus life cycle necessary to initiate infection. These glycoproteins exhibit a high degree of sequence variability and glycosy...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Julien JP,Lee PS,Wilson IA

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rabbits have helped elucidate one of the major immunologic puzzles, namely the genetic control of antibody diversity. The primary IgH antibody repertoire in rabbits is dominated by B cells that use the same germline VH-gene segment in VDJ gene rearrangements. The VDJ genes of essentially all B lymphocytes undergo soma...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Knight KL,Barrington RA

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen that causes chronic infection and life-threatening liver diseases in millions of individuals. While pathological and epidemiological consequences of clinically evident HBV infections are well recognized, there is no similar knowledge on an asymptomatic, silently progre...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Michalak TI

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current regimens used to treat tuberculosis are largely comprised of serendipitously discovered drugs that are combined based on clinical experience. Despite curing millions, these drug regimens are limited by the long course of therapy, the emergence of resistance, and the persistent tissue damage that remains af...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Baer CE,Rubin EJ,Sassetti CM

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is now convincing evidence that autoreactive CD8+ T cells can contribute to the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. In the non-obese diabetic mouse, there is direct evidence that beta-islet cell-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells have a pathogenic effect. In human diseases such as autoimmune diabete...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Vizler C,Bercovici N,Cornet A,Cambouris C,Liblau RS

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Once across the barrier of the epithelium, macrophages constitute the primary defense against microbial invasion. For most microbes, the acidic, hydrolytically competent environment of the phagolysosome is sufficient to kill them. Despite our understanding of the trafficking events that regulate phagosome maturation, ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Rohde K,Yates RM,Purdy GE,Russell DG

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among various strategies to evade the host immune response, some viruses like human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) interfere with surface MHC class I expression and antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. The ability of natural killer (NK) cells to detect MHC class I molecules through inhibitory receptors can be envisaged as a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： López-Botet M,Llano M,Ortega M

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tyrosine ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa) kinase plays a critical role in activating many downstream signal transduction pathways in T cells following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement. The importance of ZAP-70 is evidenced by the severe combined immunodeficiency that occurs in ZAP-70-deficient mice and h...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Au-Yeung BB,Deindl S,Hsu LY,Palacios EH,Levin SE,Kuriyan J,Weiss A

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, we discuss the possibilities for combining the power of molecular analysis of the antigens expressed in a given individual tumor with the design of a tailored vaccine containing defined antigens. Step 1 is a differential gene expression analysis of tumor and corresponding normal tissue. Step 2 is the a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Rammensee HG,Weinschenk T,Gouttefangeas C,Stevanović S

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Newfound relatives of the classical Fc receptors (FcR) have been provisionally named the Fc receptor homologs (FcRH). The recent identification of eight human and six mouse FcRH genes substantially increases the size and functional potential of the FcR family. The extended family of FcR and FcRH genes spans approximat...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Davis RS,Dennis G Jr,Odom MR,Gibson AW,Kimberly RP,Burrows PD,Cooper MD

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The finding that γδ T cells are present among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in humans suggests they participate in tumor immune surveillance, but their relevance is unclear because the relative abundance of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells correlates with positive or negative, or even do not correlate with prognosis. Th...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Lo Presti E,Dieli F,Fourniè JJ,Meraviglia S

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MHC class I molecules function to present peptides comprised of eight to 11 residues to CD8+ T lymphocytes. Here we review the efforts of our laboratory to understand how cells generate such peptides from viral gene products. We particularly focus on the nature of substrates acted on by cytosolic proteases, the contri...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Yewdell J,Antón LC,Bacik I,Schubert U,Snyder HL,Bennink JR

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in teleost fish is structurally similar to that in mammals, comprising a series of variable gene segments upstream of two constant region genes coding for IgM and IgD. Atlantic salmon have been shown to possess two distinct heavy chain loci, related to the tetraploid ancestry of th...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Hordvik I

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In swine, the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) or swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) is located on chromosome 7 and divided by the centromere. Thus, the telomeric class I and more centromeric class III regions are located on the p arm and the class II region is located on the q arm. The SLA region spans about 2 Mb, i...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Chardon P,Renard C,Vaiman M

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recurrence in the V-gene repertoire of individual germline VH genes can now be extended from the restricted B-cell populations of the fetus, autoantibodies and B-cell malignancies to the expressed V-gene repertoire of normal adults. Why the human B cell preferentially utilizes these individual VH genes remains spe...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Stewart AK,Huang C,Long AA,Stollar BD,Schwartz RS

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptosis is an important component of normal tissue physiology, and the prompt removal of apoptotic cells is equally essential to avoid the undesirable consequences of their accumulation and disintegration. Professional phagocytes are highly specialized for engulfing apoptotic cells. The recent ability to track cells...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Blander JM

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer immunotherapy utilizing T-cell checkpoint inhibitors has shown tremendous clinical success. Yet, this mode of treatment is effective in only a subset of patients. Unresponsive patients tend to have non-T-cell-inflamed tumors that lack markers associated with the activation of adaptive anti-tumor immune response...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Akalu YT,Rothlin CV,Ghosh S

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses have often been associated with autoimmune diseases. One mechanism by which self-destruction can be triggered is molecular mimicry. Many examples of cross-reactive immune responses between pathogens and self-antigens have been described. This review presents two transgenic models of autoimmune disease induced ...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： von Herrath MG,Evans CF,Horwitz MS,Oldstone MB

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The screening of tumor-derived expression libraries for antigens detected by high-titer immunoglobulin G antibodies from the sera of patients with cancer by SEREX (serological identification of antigens by recombinant expression cloning) allows a systematic search for antigens of human cancers. SEREX has led to the id...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Preuss KD,Zwick C,Bormann C,Neumann F,Pfreundschuh M

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have discussed four specific models which provide different kinds of information about the requirements for T cell activation. The first utilized a CTL clone designated L3, which is reactive specifically with Ld alloantigen, to study the involvement of the associative recognition structure Lyt-2 in cytolysis. The a...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Lancki DW,Ma DI,Havran WL,Fitch FW

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune system is organized as a number of distinct lymphoid organs interconnected by recirculating lymphocytes. These organs, such as lymph nodes, spleen, and gut-associated Peyer's patches, are compartmentalized, providing separate niches for T and B cells. In addition, regional compartmentalization of lymphoid o...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Kraal G,Samsom JN,Mebius RE

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/interleukin-12 (IL-12) pathway is a pivotal player in the immune system and is central to controlling mycobacterial infections. We highlight the most recent and relevant advances in understanding this pathway and their repercussions on basic and clinical science. Human mutations in IFN...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Rosenzweig SD,Holland SM

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of peptide presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule by the T-cell receptor (TCR) determines T-cell selection, development, differentiation, fate, and function. Despite intensive studies on the structures, thermodynamic properties, kinetic rates, and affinities of TCR-pMHC interacti...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Zhu C,Jiang N,Huang J,Zarnitsyna VI,Evavold BD

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral infections may induce and sustain autoimmune processes via several and overlapping mechanisms. We outline how chronic inflammation, sustained by persisting viruses, may be "the prerequisite" for initiation and maintenance of the multistep process leading to autoimmunity. Chronic inflammation may favour priming o...

journal_title：Immunological reviews

authors： Di Rosa F,Barnaba V

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00