Humoral immunity and antibody-mediated rejection in solid organ transplantation.

abstract：:Naturally arising CD4(+) regulatory T cells are critical mediators of peripheral self tolerance and immune homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that these cells are a dedicated T cell lineage constitutively acting in a dominant, cell extrinsic manner to regulate immune function. These observations are driving a ree...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Fontenot JD,Rudensky AY

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a growth and differentiation factor critical for clonal T cell expansion and function. Produced exclusively in T cells, IL-2 transcription and synthesis occurs only after appropriate cellular activation via the clonotypic antigen-receptor and co-stimulatory molecules. IL-2 gene expression is in...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Holländer GA

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) play a critical role in maintaining immunological homeostasis. Treg cells are highly abundant in the mouse intestinal lamina propria, particularly in the colon. Recent studies using germ-free and gnotobiotic mice have revealed t...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Tanoue T,Honda K

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of enzymes that modulate the cellular level of tyrosine phosphorylation. Based on cellular location, they are classified as receptor like or intracellular PTPs. Structure and function studies have led to the understanding of the enzymatic mechanism of this class of enz...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Li L,Dixon JE

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mucosal surfaces of the lungs are a major portal of entry for virus infections and there are urgent needs for new vaccines that promote effective pulmonary immunity. However, we have only a rudimentary understanding of the requirements for effective cellular immunity in the respiratory tract. Recent studies have r...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Woodland DL,Randall TD

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From the earliest days in the field of tumor immunology three questions have been asked: do cancer cells express tumor-specific antigens, does the immune system recognize these antigens and if so, what is their biochemical nature? We now know that truly tumor-specific antigens exist, that they are caused by somatic mu...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Schietinger A,Philip M,Schreiber H

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances have enabled a comprehensive understanding of the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with over 30 identified and replicated disease loci. The pathophysiological consequences of disease gene variants in Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, the two main subentities of IBD, so far a...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Rosenstiel P,Sina C,Franke A,Schreiber S

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a key role in promoting tumor progression. The tumor uses exosomes to co-opt MSCs and re-program their functional profile from normally trophic to pro-tumorigenic. These tumor-derived small vesicles called "TEX" carry and ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Whiteside TL

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of the common lymphoid progenitors in mouse bone marrow allows us to directly assess the regulatory mechanisms of lymphoid lineage commitment. The unexpected finding of a latent myeloid differentiation potential in lymphoid progenitors sheds light on the importance of cytokine receptor expression at...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Prohaska SS,Scherer DC,Weissman IL,Kondo M

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skin immune system harbors a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies highlight a diverse functional specialization of skin DC subsets. In addition to generating cellular and humoral immunity against pathogens, skin DCs are involved in tolerogenic mechanisms to ensure the maintenance of immune home...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Chu CC,Di Meglio P,Nestle FO

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major public health burden. It is generally thought that while B cell- and antibody-mediated immunity plays an important role in host defense against extracellular pathogens, the primary control of intracellular microbes derives from cellular immune mechanisms. Studies on the immun...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Chan J,Mehta S,Bharrhan S,Chen Y,Achkar JM,Casadevall A,Flynn J

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The OX-40 receptor (OX-40R) is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of activated CD4(+) T cells. When engaged by an agonist such as anti-OX-40 antibody or the OX-40 ligand (OX-40L) during antigen presentation to T cell lines, the OX-40R generates a costimulatory signal that is as potent as CD28 costimulation. ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Weinberg AD,Vella AT,Croft M

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is now well established that the progression of T cell development requires interactions between the surfaces of thymocytes and thymic stromal cells. For example, the maturation of CD4+8+ cells into functional CD4+ or CD8+ cells requires TCR/MHC interactions, which, depending on the specificity of the particular TC...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Spain LM,Yelon D,Berg LJ

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most cells in the body have a constant supply of nutrients, which are required to sustain cellular metabolism and functions. In contrast, cells of the immune system can encounter conditions with a limited nutrient supply during the course of an immune response. Cells of the immune system frequently operate in complex ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Walls J,Sinclair L,Finlay D

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) were identified decades ago by their ability to retain immune complexes and more recent findings indicate that they are a source of B cell attractants and trophic factors. New imaging studies have shown that B cells closely associate with their dendritic processes during migration. He...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Allen CD,Cyster JG

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physiological messages to cells are encoded in the magnitude, and in the time- and space-contingencies, of sets of stimuli. In particular, individual T cells continuously integrate antigenic and other signals and respond differentially to the rate of change in the level of stimulation, translated intracellularly into ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Grossman Z,Paul WE

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations have been shown to neutralize HIV-1 infection in vitro. Upon direct testing in humans, however, many of these have failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy. Hu-PBL-SCID mice offer a model system in which to test the pre-clinical efficacy of antibody preparations....

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Koup RA,Safrit JT,Weir R,Gauduin MC

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been increasing worldwide. Nevertheless, some concerns exist with this treatment. The rate of long-term sustained unresponsiveness is quite low; moreover, the desensitization or sustained unresponsiveness does not equate to tolerance. Furthermore, adverse reactions are frequent...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Yanagida N,Sato S,Ebisawa M

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune receptors are coupled to the activation of phosphatidylcholine phospholipase D (PC-PLD) that hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine to generate phosphatidic acid and choline. As these receptors are also coupled to other signalling cascades, it has been difficult to define the precise cell activation events resulting fr...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Melendez AJ,Allen JM

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:No abstractCopyright 1997 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1997Academic Press Limited ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Scollay R,Sprent J

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral infections often result in long-term immunological memory. This article reviews the phenotypic changes seen in memory T cells and suggests a re-evaluation of the current dogma that T cell memory is maintained by persistence of antigen. ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Ahmed R

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage presence and phenotype are critical determinants of the healing response following injury. Downregulation of the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype has been associated with the therapeutic use of bioscaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM), but phenotypic characterization of macrophages has typic...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Huleihel L,Dziki JL,Bartolacci JG,Rausch T,Scarritt ME,Cramer MC,Vorobyov T,LoPresti ST,Swineheart IT,White LJ,Brown BN,Badylak SF

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the development of several diseases, including cancer. IL-32 is a rather peculiar cytokine because its protein structure does not show resemblance with any of the known cytokines, and an IL-32 receptor to facilitate extracellular signaling has not yet be...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Sloot YJE,Smit JW,Joosten LAB,Netea-Maier RT

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The BLyS family of receptors includes two cytokines, BLyS and APRIL; and three receptors, BR3, BCMA and TACI. Together, these regulate the size and composition of peripheral B cell pools. The multiplicity of ligand-receptor sets, in conjunction with differential receptor expression, alternative binding partners and di...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Treml LS,Crowley JE,Cancro MP

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many immune cells can detect the direction and intensity of an extracellular chemical gradient, and migrate toward the source of stimulus. This process, called chemotaxis, is essential for immune system function and homeostasis, and its deregulation is associated with serious diseases. Chemotaxis is initiated by chemo...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Mañes S,Gómez-Moutón C,Lacalle RA,Jiménez-Baranda S,Mira E,Martínez-A C

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:V(D)J recombination consists of a DNA cleavage reaction catalysed by RAG1 and RAG2, followed by an end-joining reaction that utilizes the cell's double-strand break repair machinery. Genes essential for the end-joining reaction include: XRCC4 encoding a protein of unknown enzymatic function; XRCC5 and XRCC6 encoding 8...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Smider V,Chu G

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the adult thymus the majority of thymocytes are at a non-proliferating end stage, during which 3% of all CD4+CD8+ cortical thymocytes are selected on the basis of appropriate T-cell antigen-receptor (TcR) specificity to become CD4-CD8+ or CD4+CD8- mature thymocytes. The selected mature cells gradually emigrate to t...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Shortman K,Egerton M,Spangrude GJ,Scollay R

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A growing amount of evidences indicates that inflammaging - the chronic, low grade inflammation state characteristic of the elderly - is the result of genetic as well as environmental or stochastic factors. Some of these, such as the accumulation of senescent cells that are persistent during aging or accompany its pro...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Nardini C,Moreau JF,Gensous N,Ravaioli F,Garagnani P,Bacalini MG

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies have demonstrated how different cell types of mesenchymal and myeloid origin can independently exhibit immunoregulatory activities. In response to inflammatory cues, they transcribe a molecular repertoire that restores the tissue microenvironment to what it was before the injury. There is accumulating ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Cheung TS,Dazzi F

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of the immune system to discriminate between healthy-self, abnormal-self, and non-self has been attributed mainly to alarmins signaling as "danger signals". It is now evident, however, that alarmins are much more complex and can perform specialized functions that can regulate a wide spectrum of processes r...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Dziki JL,Hussey G,Badylak SF

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00