Abstract：
:From the earliest days in the field of tumor immunology three questions have been asked: do cancer cells express tumor-specific antigens, does the immune system recognize these antigens and if so, what is their biochemical nature? We now know that truly tumor-specific antigens exist, that they are caused by somatic mutations, and that these antigens can induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Because tumor-specific antigens are exclusively expressed by the cancer cell and are often crucial for tumorigenicity, they are ideal targets for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the antigens that are targeted today by anti-tumor immunotherapy are not tumor-specific antigens, but antigens that are normal molecules also expressed by normal tissues (so-called "tumor-associated" antigens). If tumor-specific antigens exist and are ideal targets for immunotherapy, why are they not being targeted? In this review, we summarize current knowledge of tumor-specific antigens: their identification, immunological relevance and clinical use. We discuss novel tumor-specific epitopes and propose new approaches that could improve the success of cancer immunotherapy, especially for the treatment of solid tumors.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Schietinger A,Philip M,Schreiber Hdoi
10.1016/j.smim.2008.07.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-01 00:00:00pages
276-85issue
5eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618pii
S1044-5323(08)00054-7journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that play a key role in inflammatory and tissue reparative responses. Over the past decade it has become clear that shifts in cellular metabolism are important determinants of macrophage function and phenotype. At the same time, our appreciation of macrophage diversity in vivo has a...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:Twenty-five years ago, immunologists and neuroscientists had little science of mutual interest. This is no longer the case. Neuroscientists now know that the first formally defined cytokine, IL-1, activates a discrete population of hypothalamic neurons. This interaction leads to the release of glucocorticoids from the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
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abstract：:Lymph nodes (LNs) represent the principal site where antigen-specific memory T- and B-cell responses are primed and differentiated into memory and effector cells. During chronic viral infections such as HIV, these lymphoid tissues undergo substantial structural changes. These changes are mostly caused by an imbalanced...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2008.07.008
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pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:Macrophages are important for tissue development, homeostasis as well as immune response upon injury or infection. For a long time they were only seen as one uniform group of phagocytes with a common origin and similar functions. However, this view has been challenged in the last decade and revealed a complex diversit...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.017
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1998.0130
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.001
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of enzymes that modulate the cellular level of tyrosine phosphorylation. Based on cellular location, they are classified as receptor like or intracellular PTPs. Structure and function studies have led to the understanding of the enzymatic mechanism of this class of enz...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1998.0153
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 社论
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更新日期：2013-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2006.04.004
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Department of lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells is controlled, in part, by the activity of transcriptional regulatory proteins. In particular, one class of helix-loop-helix proteins, termed E-proteins, have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression during B-cell development. Recent analysis of gene-...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1998.0116
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The germinal center is a critical locus in the production of protective immunity, but its function is poorly understood. Studies of mutant forms of CD19 revealed differences in signaling in different compartments inside the germinal center, and structural findings indicate a selective role in the interaction with foll...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2007.12.007
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
