Abstract：
:Recent advances have enabled a comprehensive understanding of the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with over 30 identified and replicated disease loci. The pathophysiological consequences of disease gene variants in Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, the two main subentities of IBD, so far are only understood on the single disease gene level, yet complex network analyses linking the individual risk factors into a molecular risk map are still missing. In this review, we will focus on recent pathways and cellular functions that emerged from the genetic studies (e.g. innate immunity, autophagy) and delineate the existence of shared (e.g. IL23R, IL12B) and unique (e.g. NOD2 for CD) risk factors for the disease subtypes. Ultimately, the defined molecular profiles may identify individuals at risk early in life and may serve as a guidance to administer personalized interventions for causative therapies and/or early targeted prevention strategies. Due to this comparatively advanced level of molecular understanding in the field, IBD may represent precedent also for future developments of individualized genetic medicine in other polygenic disorders in general.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Rosenstiel P,Sina C,Franke A,Schreiber Sdoi
10.1016/j.smim.2009.10.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-01 00:00:00pages
334-45issue
6eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618pii
S1044-5323(09)00095-5journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Studies on oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been increasing worldwide. Nevertheless, some concerns exist with this treatment. The rate of long-term sustained unresponsiveness is quite low; moreover, the desensitization or sustained unresponsiveness does not equate to tolerance. Furthermore, adverse reactions are frequent...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.008
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recog...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.006
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During lymphocyte development, cell-fate decisions are determined by a myriad of signals produced by the micro- environment of the thymus and the bone marrow. These yet to be fully defined developmental cues regulate stage-specific gene expression, and the extraordinarily well-characterized stages of T and B cell deve...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1998.0153
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of the immune system to discriminate between healthy-self, abnormal-self, and non-self has been attributed mainly to alarmins signaling as "danger signals". It is now evident, however, that alarmins are much more complex and can perform specialized functions that can regulate a wide spectrum of processes r...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2018.08.004
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The humoral arm of the immune system provides robust protection against extracellular pathogens via the production of antibody molecules that neutralize or facilitate the destruction of microorganisms. However, the humoral immune system also provides a significant barrier to solid organ transplantation due to the anti...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2011.08.021
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoantigens that contain DNA, RNA, or self-IgG are preferred targets for autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cells promote SLE pathogenesis by producing autoantibodies, activating autoreactive T cells, and secreting cytokines. We discuss how certain autoreactive B cells are selectively activated, ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2006.12.005
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1998.0146
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian alimentary tract harbors hundreds of bacterial species that constitute the indigenous microbial flora. The indigenous microbial flora has long been appreciated for its role in host immune system development. Recent reports suggest that components of the microbial flora differentially affect the proportio...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.010
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing interest in the initial steps of hemopoiesis in the embryo is prompted by the lack of information about the primordial origin and the nature of hemopoietic stem cells. It appears critical to understand the emergence, diversification and differentiation potential of hemopoietic cells in the preliver embryo. ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/1044-5323(95)90041-1
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2013.10.011
更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutrophils have traditionally been thought to play only a peripheral role in the genesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, recent studies in a variety of animal models suggest that these cells are central to the initiation and propagation of autoimmunity. The use of mouse models, which allow eith...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2016.04.001
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now well established that the progression of T cell development requires interactions between the surfaces of thymocytes and thymic stromal cells. For example, the maturation of CD4+8+ cells into functional CD4+ or CD8+ cells requires TCR/MHC interactions, which, depending on the specificity of the particular TC...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1994.1028
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frontiers of cancer immunotherapy are extending in terms of both the range of cancer types that can potentially be targeted and the types of therapeutics that are in clinical development. The use of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) and its derivative, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, is currently limited to...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.003
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polymorphic MHC is absent from the trophoblast, therefore, it resists NK as well as CTL-mediated lysis in vitro. Activated gamma / delta TCR positive cells are significantly enriched in the decidua as well as in peripheral blood of healthy pregnant women. Human peripheral gamma / delta lymphocytes preferentially expre...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.2000.0318
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2007.04.006
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune diseases have been studied from the perspective of an abnormal immune response in genetically vulnerable hosts. Although the immune response is responsible for the initiation of autoimmune diseases, the effectors of the disease process likely involves cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosi...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Department of lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells is controlled, in part, by the activity of transcriptional regulatory proteins. In particular, one class of helix-loop-helix proteins, termed E-proteins, have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression during B-cell development. Recent analysis of gene-...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1998.0116
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergen tolerance in humans have been intensively studied in the past few decades. The demonstration of epitope-specific T cell tolerance, particularly mediated by the immune suppressor functions of IL-10 led to a major conceptual change in this area more than 20 years ago. Cu...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2019.101326
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advancing age is accompanied by profound changes in immune function; some are induced by the loss of critical niches that support development of naïve cells (e.g. thymic involution), others by the intrinsic physiology of long-lived cells attempting to maintain homeostasis, still others by extrinsic effects such as oxi...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.007
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been classified as a cellular component of the innate immune system, given their ability to rapidly produce effector cytokines and kill infected or transformed cells without prior exposure. More recently, NK cells have been shown to possess features of adaptive immunity suc...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.012
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review we discuss the changes that occur in the B lymphocyte compartment of mice and humans as they progress to old age, focusing on recent advances in this important area of research. Primary areas considered include increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly following infection, and decreased responsiv...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.004
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.003
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2008.08.004
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antigen may be targeted to antigen presenting cells (APC) by conjugating the antigen to monoclonal antibodies directed against surface molecules on APC. By now several laboratories have shown that immunotargeting enhances humoral responses, depending upon the targeted ligand or cell type, with low doses of antigen and...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is becoming increasingly accepted that macrophages play a crucial role in many diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, cancer, skin diseases, and even neurodegenerative diseases. It is therefore not surprising that macrophages in human diseases have gained signif...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2015.07.003
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In humans, blood is commonly monitored to provide surrogates of disease progression and assess immune status. However, the varied, rapid and atypical alterations in lymphocyte subsets which may occur in blood in response to pathogens, are not predictive of changes in the bulk of the immune system. A hallmark of human ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1999.0169
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms by which alphabeta T-cells are selected in the thymus and then recognize peptide MHC (pMHC) complexes in the periphery remain an enigma. Recent work particularly with respect to quantification of T-cell sensitivity and the role of self-ligands in T-cell activation has provided some important clues to th...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2007.04.003
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) play a critical role in maintaining immunological homeostasis. Treg cells are highly abundant in the mouse intestinal lamina propria, particularly in the colon. Recent studies using germ-free and gnotobiotic mice have revealed t...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2011.11.009
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Fas system ensures, within the immune system, one of the two main pathways of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity, and, importantly, at least part of the downregulation of immune responses. Recently, Fas has been increasingly implicated in other functions, such as protection of immune privileged tissues and disposal of c...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1997.0062
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
