Abstract:
:Studies on oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been increasing worldwide. Nevertheless, some concerns exist with this treatment. The rate of long-term sustained unresponsiveness is quite low; moreover, the desensitization or sustained unresponsiveness does not equate to tolerance. Furthermore, adverse reactions are frequent. Therefore, safe and feasible methods for long-term therapies are needed. Novel therapies such as low-dose OIT, hypoallergenic products, and OIT in combination with omalizumab are reported as effective for inducing sustained unresponsiveness and may lead to fewer adverse reactions than standard OIT. Increased safety will contribute to feasibility of OIT. Currently, oral food challenge (OFC) with the low target dose has been reported. We may reduce the need for OIT by implementing low-dose OFC. More effective, safe, and feasible OIT strategies are needed.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Yanagida N,Sato S,Ebisawa Mdoi
10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-04-01 00:00:00pages
45-51eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618pii
S1044-5323(16)30095-1journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Lymph nodes (LNs) represent the principal site where antigen-specific memory T- and B-cell responses are primed and differentiated into memory and effector cells. During chronic viral infections such as HIV, these lymphoid tissues undergo substantial structural changes. These changes are mostly caused by an imbalanced...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2008.07.008
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontitis is a dysbiotic inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Current therapies are not always effective and this prevalent oral disease continues to be a significant health and economic burden. Early clinical studies have associated periodontitis with elevated complemen...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.006
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mucosal surfaces of the lungs are a major portal of entry for virus infections and there are urgent needs for new vaccines that promote effective pulmonary immunity. However, we have only a rudimentary understanding of the requirements for effective cellular immunity in the respiratory tract. Recent studies have r...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2004.02.003
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review we discuss the changes that occur in the B lymphocyte compartment of mice and humans as they progress to old age, focusing on recent advances in this important area of research. Primary areas considered include increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly following infection, and decreased responsiv...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.004
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of the immune system to discriminate between healthy-self, abnormal-self, and non-self has been attributed mainly to alarmins signaling as "danger signals". It is now evident, however, that alarmins are much more complex and can perform specialized functions that can regulate a wide spectrum of processes r...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2018.08.004
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) were identified decades ago by their ability to retain immune complexes and more recent findings indicate that they are a source of B cell attractants and trophic factors. New imaging studies have shown that B cells closely associate with their dendritic processes during migration. He...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.12.001
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helper T cell activation leads to transient expression of a ligand for the B cell surface protein, CD40. CD40 ligand can deliver helper T cell-derived contact signals to B lymphocytes that drive B cell activation and proliferation. Regulation of expression of CD40 ligand is analogous to that of other helper T cell-der...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1994.1037
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a key role in promoting tumor progression. The tumor uses exosomes to co-opt MSCs and re-program their functional profile from normally trophic to pro-tumorigenic. These tumor-derived small vesicles called "TEX" carry and ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2017.12.003
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Minor lymphocyte stimulating (Mls) antigens have profound effects on the murine immune system and have been very important for our current understanding of immune tolerance. It has recently been discovered that these Mls antigens are encoded in an open reading frame located in the 3' long terminal repeat of endogenous...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The commensal microbiome constitutes an important modulator of host physiology and risk of disease, including cancer development and progression. Lately, the microbiome has been suggested to modulate the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. Examples include chemotherapy and total body irradiation-induced barrier functio...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2017.04.001
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recombination activating genes 1 and 2 (Rag1 and Rag2) encode the key enzyme that is required for the generation of the highly diversified antigen receptor repertoire central to adaptive immunity. The longstanding model proposed that this gene pair was acquired by horizontal gene transfer to explain its abrupt app...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.11.004
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Naturally arising CD4(+) regulatory T cells are critical mediators of peripheral self tolerance and immune homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that these cells are a dedicated T cell lineage constitutively acting in a dominant, cell extrinsic manner to regulate immune function. These observations are driving a ree...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2003.12.002
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphic MHC is absent from the trophoblast, therefore, it resists NK as well as CTL-mediated lysis in vitro. Activated gamma / delta TCR positive cells are significantly enriched in the decidua as well as in peripheral blood of healthy pregnant women. Human peripheral gamma / delta lymphocytes preferentially expre...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.2000.0318
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations have been shown to neutralize HIV-1 infection in vitro. Upon direct testing in humans, however, many of these have failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy. Hu-PBL-SCID mice offer a model system in which to test the pre-clinical efficacy of antibody preparations....
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1996.0033
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized sensors of viral nucleic acids that initiate protective immunity through the production of type I interferons (IFNs). Normally, pDCs fail to sense host-derived self-nucleic acids but do so when self-nucleic acids form complexes with endogenous antimicrobial peptides ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.01.004
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune diseases have been studied from the perspective of an abnormal immune response in genetically vulnerable hosts. Although the immune response is responsible for the initiation of autoimmune diseases, the effectors of the disease process likely involves cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian c-Abl belongs to an evolutionary conserved family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. It is distributed both in the cytoplasm in association with F-actin, and in the nucleus where it binds chromatin. The normal function of c-Abl is poorly understood. Nevertheless, there has been rapid progress in the character...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1995.0030
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recog...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.006
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In seeking an explanation for the complexity of tissue development, biologists are obliged to explain lineage commitment, the events that dictate whether or not a progenitor cell will differentiate into one cell type or another. Such explanations have been sought across a broad spectrum of biological systems, although...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1999.0180
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Celiac disease (CD) is an increasingly common disease of the small intestine that occurs in genetically susceptible subjects by ingestion of cereal gluten proteins. Gluten is highly abundant in the modern diet and well tolerated by most individuals. In CD, however, an erroneous but highly specific, adaptive immune res...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.001
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the adult thymus the majority of thymocytes are at a non-proliferating end stage, during which 3% of all CD4+CD8+ cortical thymocytes are selected on the basis of appropriate T-cell antigen-receptor (TcR) specificity to become CD4-CD8+ or CD4+CD8- mature thymocytes. The selected mature cells gradually emigrate to t...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The OX-40 receptor (OX-40R) is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of activated CD4(+) T cells. When engaged by an agonist such as anti-OX-40 antibody or the OX-40 ligand (OX-40L) during antigen presentation to T cell lines, the OX-40R generates a costimulatory signal that is as potent as CD28 costimulation. ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1998.0146
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tyrosine activating motif (TAM) is a conserved signaling motif present in many hematopoietic receptors. Although the exact definition and the function of these motifs is not known, it is likely that these motifs bind and activate protein tyrosine kinases. Here we summarize the data regarding tyrosine kinase intera...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/1044-5323(95)90003-9
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages are important for tissue development, homeostasis as well as immune response upon injury or infection. For a long time they were only seen as one uniform group of phagocytes with a common origin and similar functions. However, this view has been challenged in the last decade and revealed a complex diversit...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.017
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral and microbial pathogens contain specific motifs or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by cell surface- and endosome-associated Toll-like receptors (TLRs). RNA virus infection is also detected through TLR-independent mechanisms. Early viral replicative intermediates are detected by...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.05.001
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::As T cells respond to pathogens, they must transition from a quiescent, naïve state, to a rapidly proliferating, active effector state, and back again to a quiescent state as they develop into memory cells. Such transitions place unique metabolic demands on the differentiating cells. T cells meet these demands by alte...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2012.12.006
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Department of lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells is controlled, in part, by the activity of transcriptional regulatory proteins. In particular, one class of helix-loop-helix proteins, termed E-proteins, have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression during B-cell development. Recent analysis of gene-...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1998.0116
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (T(reg)) cells are a key population in controlling the immune response. Recently, their roles have been expanded to broader, non-immune, contexts, in particular the metabolic consequences downstream of obesity-induced inflammation, e.g. type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This review hi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.002
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interaction of CD40 on B cells with its ligand on activated T helper cells is crucial for the generation of mature T-dependent antibody responses. Experimental observations suggest that CD40 ligation acts at several points in B cell differentiation; however, it is not clear whether the consequences of ligation are dir...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1994.1039
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The BLyS family of receptors includes two cytokines, BLyS and APRIL; and three receptors, BR3, BCMA and TACI. Together, these regulate the size and composition of peripheral B cell pools. The multiplicity of ligand-receptor sets, in conjunction with differential receptor expression, alternative binding partners and di...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.001
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00