Abstract:
:Physiological messages to cells are encoded in the magnitude, and in the time- and space-contingencies, of sets of stimuli. In particular, individual T cells continuously integrate antigenic and other signals and respond differentially to the rate of change in the level of stimulation, translated intracellularly into 'metabolic perturbations'. The organization of the immune response at the cell-population level in space and time is also conductive to discriminating the magnitude of 'system perturbations'. In this way, the immune system was 'designed' to respond in a characteristic explosive way mainly to episodes of infection and not to the continuous presence of self-antigens. T cells are selected to be moderately autoreactive, and the degree of autoreactivity that they express is continuously controlled through activation-threshold tuning. Their level of autoreactivity is maintained in a range that facilitates survival and self-renewal and is probably used in performing some immunoregulatory functions and possibly other physiological functions. Autoreactivity and outward-directed immunity are regulated simultaneously and interactively through the interplay of selection, tuning, controlled activation and feedback.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Grossman Z,Paul WEdoi
10.1006/smim.2000.0232keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-06-01 00:00:00pages
197-203; discussion 257-344issue
3eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618pii
S1044-5323(00)90232-Xjournal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Decades of basic research has established the importance of Ca2+ to various T cell functions, such as cytotoxicity, proliferation, differentiation and cytokine secretion. We now have a good understanding of how proximal TCR signaling initiates Ca2+ influx and how this influx subsequently changes transcriptional activi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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abstract::Helper T cell activation leads to transient expression of a ligand for the B cell surface protein, CD40. CD40 ligand can deliver helper T cell-derived contact signals to B lymphocytes that drive B cell activation and proliferation. Regulation of expression of CD40 ligand is analogous to that of other helper T cell-der...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2019.101300
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.01.004
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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abstract::Pentraxins are highly conserved components of the humoral arm of innate immunity. They include the short pentraxins C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), and the long pentraxin PTX3. These are soluble pattern-recognition molecules that are present in the blood and body fluids, and share the abi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
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