Abstract：
:Initially discovered as an initiator protease in apoptosis mediated by death receptors, caspase-8 is now known to have an apparently confounding opposing effect in securing cell survival. It is required to allow mouse embryo survival, and the survival of hematopoietic cells during their development and activation. Classic models in which caspase-8 is depleted or inhibited frequently result in inhibition of apoptosis, and conversion to death through a necrotic pathway. This bewildering switch is now known to be driven by activation of a pathway dependent on protein kinases of the RIP family, which engage a pathway known as necroptosis. If caspase-8 does not control this pathway, necrotic death results. The pro-apoptotic and pro-survival functions of caspase-8 are regulated by a specific interaction with the pseudo-caspase cFLIP, and it is thought that the heterocomplex between these two partners alters the substrate specificity of caspase-8 in favor of inactivating components of the RIP kinase pathway. The description of how caspase-8 and cFLIP coordinate the switch between apoptosis and survival is just beginning. The mechanism is not known, the differential targets are not known, and the reason of why an apoptotic initiator has been co-opted as a critical survival factor is only guessed at. Elucidating these unknowns will be important in understanding mechanisms and possible therapeutic targets in autoimmune, inflammatory, and metastatic diseases.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Salvesen GS,Walsh CMdoi
10.1016/j.smim.2014.03.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
246-52issue
3eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618pii
S1044-5323(14)00046-3journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized sensors of viral nucleic acids that initiate protective immunity through the production of type I interferons (IFNs). Normally, pDCs fail to sense host-derived self-nucleic acids but do so when self-nucleic acids form complexes with endogenous antimicrobial peptides ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2009.01.004
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a component of all living cells and microbes, it is not surprising that organisms have evolved mechanisms to detect foreign or aberrant DNA and trigger an innate immune response. TLR9 is an endosomal membrane bound receptor that is widely studied and the best understood DNA sensor. However, the existence of TLR9-in...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2009.05.006
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five years ago, immunologists and neuroscientists had little science of mutual interest. This is no longer the case. Neuroscientists now know that the first formally defined cytokine, IL-1, activates a discrete population of hypothalamic neurons. This interaction leads to the release of glucocorticoids from the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.011
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:No abstractCopyright 1997 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1997Academic Press Limited ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/smim.1997.0089
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccinations are powerful tools for combating infections. Because of the age-related impairment in immune functions, the currently available vaccines are protecting only a small proportion of the elderly population. We, here, provide an overview of age-related changes in innate and adaptive immunity with particular em...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2005.05.005
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As T cells respond to pathogens, they must transition from a quiescent, naïve state, to a rapidly proliferating, active effector state, and back again to a quiescent state as they develop into memory cells. Such transitions place unique metabolic demands on the differentiating cells. T cells meet these demands by alte...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2012.12.006
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a panel of wild mice trapped in different geographical regions, the concomitant expression of V beta 17 T cell receptors and I-E histocompatibility molecules is frequent. By Southern blot analysis, eight forms of V beta 17 genes have been distinguished that encode five kinds of V beta 17 domains. Populations of Asi...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune receptors are coupled to the activation of phosphatidylcholine phospholipase D (PC-PLD) that hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine to generate phosphatidic acid and choline. As these receptors are also coupled to other signalling cascades, it has been difficult to define the precise cell activation events resulting fr...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.2001.0341
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The skin immune system harbors a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies highlight a diverse functional specialization of skin DC subsets. In addition to generating cellular and humoral immunity against pathogens, skin DCs are involved in tolerogenic mechanisms to ensure the maintenance of immune home...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.006
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review we discuss the changes that occur in the B lymphocyte compartment of mice and humans as they progress to old age, focusing on recent advances in this important area of research. Primary areas considered include increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly following infection, and decreased responsiv...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.004
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The OX-40 receptor (OX-40R) is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of activated CD4(+) T cells. When engaged by an agonist such as anti-OX-40 antibody or the OX-40 ligand (OX-40L) during antigen presentation to T cell lines, the OX-40R generates a costimulatory signal that is as potent as CD28 costimulation. ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1998.0146
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The type I membrane protein receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) distinctively exhibits significant alternative splicing that allows for tunable functions upon homophilic binding. CEACAM1 is highly expressed in the tumor environment and is strictly regulated on lymphocytes such ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2019.101296
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, there have been a number of reports that gamma delta T cells are stimulated by heat shock, or stress, proteins. Although some alpha beta T cells are capable of recognizing heat shock proteins, we speculate that most or a group of gamma delta cells generally recognize this type of antigen. Recognition of heat...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pentraxins are highly conserved components of the humoral arm of innate immunity. They include the short pentraxins C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), and the long pentraxin PTX3. These are soluble pattern-recognition molecules that are present in the blood and body fluids, and share the abi...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2013.05.002
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases confers predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacterial species in otherwise healthy individuals. Since 1996, disease-causing mutations have been found in five autosomal genes (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IL12B, IL12BR1) and one X-linked gene (NE...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.010
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:V(D)J recombination consists of a DNA cleavage reaction catalysed by RAG1 and RAG2, followed by an end-joining reaction that utilizes the cell's double-strand break repair machinery. Genes essential for the end-joining reaction include: XRCC4 encoding a protein of unknown enzymatic function; XRCC5 and XRCC6 encoding 8...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1997.0070
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is becoming increasingly accepted that macrophages play a crucial role in many diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, cancer, skin diseases, and even neurodegenerative diseases. It is therefore not surprising that macrophages in human diseases have gained signif...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2015.07.003
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymph nodes (LNs) represent the principal site where antigen-specific memory T- and B-cell responses are primed and differentiated into memory and effector cells. During chronic viral infections such as HIV, these lymphoid tissues undergo substantial structural changes. These changes are mostly caused by an imbalanced...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2008.07.008
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This issue of Seminars in Immunology on The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Family of Ligands and Receptors updates the rapidly expanding importance of this family. There are individual chapters on IL-1α, IL-1β, processing and secretion of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36 and IL-37. In addition, a chapter of IL-1 decoy receptors, IL-1...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2013.10.001
更新日期：2013-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Periodontitis is a dysbiotic inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Current therapies are not always effective and this prevalent oral disease continues to be a significant health and economic burden. Early clinical studies have associated periodontitis with elevated complemen...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.006
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for lymphocyte markers can be considered as very specific immunomodulating drugs for treatment of allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases. Although the selection of potentially useful specificities of MAb can be made in rodents, human specific MAb can only be evaluated in man o...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the development of several diseases, including cancer. IL-32 is a rather peculiar cytokine because its protein structure does not show resemblance with any of the known cytokines, and an IL-32 receptor to facilitate extracellular signaling has not yet be...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2018.03.004
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) were identified decades ago by their ability to retain immune complexes and more recent findings indicate that they are a source of B cell attractants and trophic factors. New imaging studies have shown that B cells closely associate with their dendritic processes during migration. He...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2007.12.001
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alarmins are preformed, endogenous molecules that can be promptly released to signal cell or tissue stress or damage. The ubiquitous nuclear molecule high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a prototypical alarmin activating innate immunity. HMGB1 serves a dual alarmin function. The protein can be emitted to alert...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.011
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many immune cells can detect the direction and intensity of an extracellular chemical gradient, and migrate toward the source of stimulus. This process, called chemotaxis, is essential for immune system function and homeostasis, and its deregulation is associated with serious diseases. Chemotaxis is initiated by chemo...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2004.09.005
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a growth and differentiation factor critical for clonal T cell expansion and function. Produced exclusively in T cells, IL-2 transcription and synthesis occurs only after appropriate cellular activation via the clonotypic antigen-receptor and co-stimulatory molecules. IL-2 gene expression is in...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1999.0192
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several mAbs that have been approved for the treatment of cancer make use of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to eliminate tumor cells. Comprehensive investigations, based on in vitro studies, mouse models and analyses of patient blood samples after mAb treatment have provided key insights into the details of i...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.003
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physiological messages to cells are encoded in the magnitude, and in the time- and space-contingencies, of sets of stimuli. In particular, individual T cells continuously integrate antigenic and other signals and respond differentially to the rate of change in the level of stimulation, translated intracellularly into ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.2000.0232
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages are important for tissue development, homeostasis as well as immune response upon injury or infection. For a long time they were only seen as one uniform group of phagocytes with a common origin and similar functions. However, this view has been challenged in the last decade and revealed a complex diversit...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.017
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pursuit of clinical transplant tolerance has led to enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying immune regulation, including the characterization of immune regulatory cells, in particular antigen-presenting cells (APC) and regulatory T cells (Treg), that may play key roles in promoting operational tolerance. D...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.007
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
