Humoral immune response and B-cell functions including immunoglobulin class switch are downregulated in aged mice and humans.

abstract：:Bacterial toxin superantigens bind to MHC class II molecules and activate a large proportion of T cells through a direct interaction with the T cell receptor (TCR). The toxin: TCR interaction involves specific recognition between the beta-chain variable region and the toxin. Although a complete alpha beta T cell recep...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Gascoigne NR

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergen tolerance in humans have been intensively studied in the past few decades. The demonstration of epitope-specific T cell tolerance, particularly mediated by the immune suppressor functions of IL-10 led to a major conceptual change in this area more than 20 years ago. Cu...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Boonpiyathad T,Satitsuksanoa P,Akdis M,Akdis CA

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signals from the precursor-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) are essential for selection and clonal expansion of pre-B cells that have performed productive immunoglobulin heavy chain V(D)J recombination. In the mouse, the downstream signaling molecules SLP-65 and Btk cooperate to limit proliferation and induce differentiation...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Hendriks RW,Kersseboom R

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several mAbs that have been approved for the treatment of cancer make use of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to eliminate tumor cells. Comprehensive investigations, based on in vitro studies, mouse models and analyses of patient blood samples after mAb treatment have provided key insights into the details of i...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Taylor RP,Lindorfer MA

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of enzymes that modulate the cellular level of tyrosine phosphorylation. Based on cellular location, they are classified as receptor like or intracellular PTPs. Structure and function studies have led to the understanding of the enzymatic mechanism of this class of enz...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Li L,Dixon JE

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frontiers of cancer immunotherapy are extending in terms of both the range of cancer types that can potentially be targeted and the types of therapeutics that are in clinical development. The use of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) and its derivative, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, is currently limited to...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Beavis PA,Slaney CY,Kershaw MH,Gyorki D,Neeson PJ,Darcy PK

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The LTB4 pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic drug development. Two broad classes of drugs have been pursued: antagonists of the primary LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2) and inhibitors of LTA4 Hydrolase (LTA4H), the rate limiting enzyme in the production of LTB4. An initial wave of effort culminated in the 19...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Bhatt L,Roinestad K,Van T,Springman EB

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physiological messages to cells are encoded in the magnitude, and in the time- and space-contingencies, of sets of stimuli. In particular, individual T cells continuously integrate antigenic and other signals and respond differentially to the rate of change in the level of stimulation, translated intracellularly into ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Grossman Z,Paul WE

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advancing age is accompanied by profound changes in immune function; some are induced by the loss of critical niches that support development of naïve cells (e.g. thymic involution), others by the intrinsic physiology of long-lived cells attempting to maintain homeostasis, still others by extrinsic effects such as oxi...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： High KP,Akbar AN,Nikolich-Zugich J

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been increasing worldwide. Nevertheless, some concerns exist with this treatment. The rate of long-term sustained unresponsiveness is quite low; moreover, the desensitization or sustained unresponsiveness does not equate to tolerance. Furthermore, adverse reactions are frequent...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Yanagida N,Sato S,Ebisawa M

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (T(reg)) cells are a key population in controlling the immune response. Recently, their roles have been expanded to broader, non-immune, contexts, in particular the metabolic consequences downstream of obesity-induced inflammation, e.g. type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This review hi...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Cipolletta D,Kolodin D,Benoist C,Mathis D

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral infections often result in long-term immunological memory. This article reviews the phenotypic changes seen in memory T cells and suggests a re-evaluation of the current dogma that T cell memory is maintained by persistence of antigen. ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Ahmed R

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans are continuously exposed to a high number of diverse pathogens that induce different types of immune responses. Primary pathogen-specific immune responses generate multiple subsets of memory T cells, which provide protection against secondary infections. In recent years, several novel T cell subsets have been i...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Geginat J,Paroni M,Facciotti F,Gruarin P,Kastirr I,Caprioli F,Pagani M,Abrignani S

更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations have been shown to neutralize HIV-1 infection in vitro. Upon direct testing in humans, however, many of these have failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy. Hu-PBL-SCID mice offer a model system in which to test the pre-clinical efficacy of antibody preparations....

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Koup RA,Safrit JT,Weir R,Gauduin MC

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The humoral arm of the immune system provides robust protection against extracellular pathogens via the production of antibody molecules that neutralize or facilitate the destruction of microorganisms. However, the humoral immune system also provides a significant barrier to solid organ transplantation due to the anti...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Montgomery RA,Cozzi E,West LJ,Warren DS

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of GPI-anchored membrane proteins presented a conundrum for membrane biologists. What could the special purpose be for this type of membrane anchor and why couldn't a transmembrane anchor do the same job? Recent information from several different sources is beginning to provide answers to these questions...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Anderson RG

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the overwhelming success of immunization in reducing, and even eliminating, the global threats posed by a wide spectrum of infectious diseases, attempts to do the same for tuberculosis (TB) have failed to date. While most effective vaccines act by eliciting neutralizing antibodies, T cells are the primary medi...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Urdahl KB

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy chain class-switching is the process by which B lymphoid cells change the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain they produce. Class-switching is most commonly accomplished by recombinationldeletion between switch recombination regions that lie upstream of each germline heavy chain constant region gen...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Rothman P,Li SC,Alt FW

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ectodysplasin (Eda) is the most studied tumor necrosis ligand in the field of developmental biology. In all vertebrates studied so far, inactivating germline mutations in Eda lead to the genetic disease called hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). In humans, HED is a life-threatening condition in particular in infa...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Lefebvre S,Mikkola ML

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are important for tissue development, homeostasis as well as immune response upon injury or infection. For a long time they were only seen as one uniform group of phagocytes with a common origin and similar functions. However, this view has been challenged in the last decade and revealed a complex diversit...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Kierdorf K,Prinz M,Geissmann F,Gomez Perdiguero E

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-five years ago, immunologists and neuroscientists had little science of mutual interest. This is no longer the case. Neuroscientists now know that the first formally defined cytokine, IL-1, activates a discrete population of hypothalamic neurons. This interaction leads to the release of glucocorticoids from the...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Kelley KW,McCusker RH

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The OX-40 receptor (OX-40R) is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of activated CD4(+) T cells. When engaged by an agonist such as anti-OX-40 antibody or the OX-40 ligand (OX-40L) during antigen presentation to T cell lines, the OX-40R generates a costimulatory signal that is as potent as CD28 costimulation. ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Weinberg AD,Vella AT,Croft M

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conventional therapies for malignant gliomas (MGs) fail to target tumor cells exclusively, such that their efficacy is ultimately limited by non-specific toxicity. Immunologic targeting of tumor-specific gene mutations, however, may allow more precise eradication of neoplastic cells. The epidermal growth factor recept...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Sampson JH,Archer GE,Mitchell DA,Heimberger AB,Bigner DD

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In seeking an explanation for the complexity of tissue development, biologists are obliged to explain lineage commitment, the events that dictate whether or not a progenitor cell will differentiate into one cell type or another. Such explanations have been sought across a broad spectrum of biological systems, although...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Hayday AC,Barber DF,Douglas N,Hoffman ES

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody production is crucial for a successful vaccine response. Beyond the ability of vitamin A (VA) and its active metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) to restore growth in VA-deficient animals, supplementation with VA and/or treatment with RA can augment antibody responses in both VA-deficient and VA-adequate ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Ross AC,Chen Q,Ma Y

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naturally arising CD4(+) regulatory T cells are critical mediators of peripheral self tolerance and immune homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that these cells are a dedicated T cell lineage constitutively acting in a dominant, cell extrinsic manner to regulate immune function. These observations are driving a ree...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Fontenot JD,Rudensky AY

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten seven-transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled receptors have been identified that are functional HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV coreceptors. However, the specific structures these receptors have in common that enable them to mediate HIV entry are unknown. Structure-function analyses have revealed that the determinants of cor...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Berson JF,Doms RW

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its first description by Wells and Osbourne in 1911, oral tolerance has intrigued researchers due to its potential for therapeutic applications. Oral tolerance can be defined as an inhibition of specific immune responsiveness to subsequent parenteral injections of proteins to which an individual or animal has be...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Rezende RM,Weiner HL

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pentraxins are highly conserved components of the humoral arm of innate immunity. They include the short pentraxins C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), and the long pentraxin PTX3. These are soluble pattern-recognition molecules that are present in the blood and body fluids, and share the abi...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Inforzato A,Doni A,Barajon I,Leone R,Garlanda C,Bottazzi B,Mantovani A

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules display peptides to the T cell receptor (TCR). The ability of the TCR to discriminate foreign from self-peptides presented by MHC molecules is a requirement of an effective adaptive immune response. Dysregulation of this molecular recognition event often leads ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Sundberg EJ,Deng L,Mariuzza RA

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00