Abstract：
:Humans are continuously exposed to a high number of diverse pathogens that induce different types of immune responses. Primary pathogen-specific immune responses generate multiple subsets of memory T cells, which provide protection against secondary infections. In recent years, several novel T cell subsets have been identified and have significantly broadened our knowledge about T cell differentiation and the regulation of immune responses. At the same time the rapidly growing number of incompletely characterized T cell subsets has also generated some controversies. We therefore review here the current knowledge on features and functions of human α/β T cell subsets, focusing on CD4(+) T cells classified according to cytokine production and tissue localization. The principal helper and regulatory T cell subsets can be identified by a limited number of relevant surface markers, which are an integral part of the T cell differentiation programs because they are directly induced by the relevant lineage-defining transcription factors. In vivo occurring human T cell subsets can thus be purified directly ex vivo from relevant tissues for molecular and functional studies, and represent not only an ideal model to study T cell differentiation, but they also offer important clinical opportunities.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Geginat J,Paroni M,Facciotti F,Gruarin P,Kastirr I,Caprioli F,Pagani M,Abrignani Sdoi
10.1016/j.smim.2013.10.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-11-15 00:00:00pages
252-62issue
4eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618pii
S1044-5323(13)00093-6journal_volume
25pub_type
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that play a key role in inflammatory and tissue reparative responses. Over the past decade it has become clear that shifts in cellular metabolism are important determinants of macrophage function and phenotype. At the same time, our appreciation of macrophage diversity in vivo has a...
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) have important functions in the selection of memory B lymphocytes during germinal center reactions (GCR). They present native antigens to potential memory cells, of which only B cells with high affinity B cell receptors (BCR) can bind. These B lymphocytes survive, whereas nonbinding B...
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abstract：:Several mAbs that have been approved for the treatment of cancer make use of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to eliminate tumor cells. Comprehensive investigations, based on in vitro studies, mouse models and analyses of patient blood samples after mAb treatment have provided key insights into the details of i...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:Celiac disease (CD) is an increasingly common disease of the small intestine that occurs in genetically susceptible subjects by ingestion of cereal gluten proteins. Gluten is highly abundant in the modern diet and well tolerated by most individuals. In CD, however, an erroneous but highly specific, adaptive immune res...
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2008.05.004
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abstract：:The germinal center is a critical locus in the production of protective immunity, but its function is poorly understood. Studies of mutant forms of CD19 revealed differences in signaling in different compartments inside the germinal center, and structural findings indicate a selective role in the interaction with foll...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:B cell tolerance is described as the absence of a measurable antibody forming response to an antigenic challenge. The establishment of antigen-specific tolerance requires, by definition, engagement of the B cell antigen-specific receptor. However, only in some circumstances does this engagement lead to tolerance, whil...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.011
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages are unique cells for origin, heterogeneity and plasticity. At steady state most of macrophages are derived from fetal sources and maintained in adulthood through self-renewing. Despite sharing common progenitors, a remarkable heterogeneity characterized tissue-resident macrophages indicating that local sig...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2015.10.003
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Seminars in immunology
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abstract：:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized sensors of viral nucleic acids that initiate protective immunity through the production of type I interferons (IFNs). Normally, pDCs fail to sense host-derived self-nucleic acids but do so when self-nucleic acids form complexes with endogenous antimicrobial peptides ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
