Abstract：
:Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that play a key role in inflammatory and tissue reparative responses. Over the past decade it has become clear that shifts in cellular metabolism are important determinants of macrophage function and phenotype. At the same time, our appreciation of macrophage diversity in vivo has also been increasing. Factors such as cell origin and tissue localization are now recognized as important variables that influence macrophage biology. Whether different macrophage populations also have unique metabolic phenotypes has not been extensively explored. In this article, we will discuss the importance of understanding how macrophage origin can modulate metabolic programming and influence inflammatory responses.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Artyomov MN,Sergushichev A,Schilling JDdoi
10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-10-01 00:00:00pages
417-424issue
5eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618pii
S1044-5323(16)30105-1journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Pentraxins are highly conserved components of the humoral arm of innate immunity. They include the short pentraxins C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), and the long pentraxin PTX3. These are soluble pattern-recognition molecules that are present in the blood and body fluids, and share the abi...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2013.05.002
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a panel of wild mice trapped in different geographical regions, the concomitant expression of V beta 17 T cell receptors and I-E histocompatibility molecules is frequent. By Southern blot analysis, eight forms of V beta 17 genes have been distinguished that encode five kinds of V beta 17 domains. Populations of Asi...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a growth and differentiation factor critical for clonal T cell expansion and function. Produced exclusively in T cells, IL-2 transcription and synthesis occurs only after appropriate cellular activation via the clonotypic antigen-receptor and co-stimulatory molecules. IL-2 gene expression is in...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1999.0192
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptosis of activated lymphocytes is critical to immune homeostasis. The cell surface receptor Fas is an important mediator of lymphocyte apoptosis; defective Fas expression causes accumulation of lymphocytes and autoimmune disease in mice. Apoptosis defects due to mutations of Fas have also been found in a rare huma...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/smim.1996.0056
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Helper T cell activation leads to transient expression of a ligand for the B cell surface protein, CD40. CD40 ligand can deliver helper T cell-derived contact signals to B lymphocytes that drive B cell activation and proliferation. Regulation of expression of CD40 ligand is analogous to that of other helper T cell-der...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1994.1037
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian c-Abl belongs to an evolutionary conserved family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. It is distributed both in the cytoplasm in association with F-actin, and in the nucleus where it binds chromatin. The normal function of c-Abl is poorly understood. Nevertheless, there has been rapid progress in the character...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1995.0030
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five years ago, immunologists and neuroscientists had little science of mutual interest. This is no longer the case. Neuroscientists now know that the first formally defined cytokine, IL-1, activates a discrete population of hypothalamic neurons. This interaction leads to the release of glucocorticoids from the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.011
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From the earliest days in the field of tumor immunology three questions have been asked: do cancer cells express tumor-specific antigens, does the immune system recognize these antigens and if so, what is their biochemical nature? We now know that truly tumor-specific antigens exist, that they are caused by somatic mu...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2008.07.001
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recombination activating genes 1 and 2 (Rag1 and Rag2) encode the key enzyme that is required for the generation of the highly diversified antigen receptor repertoire central to adaptive immunity. The longstanding model proposed that this gene pair was acquired by horizontal gene transfer to explain its abrupt app...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2009.11.004
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been classified as a cellular component of the innate immune system, given their ability to rapidly produce effector cytokines and kill infected or transformed cells without prior exposure. More recently, NK cells have been shown to possess features of adaptive immunity suc...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.012
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the overwhelming success of immunization in reducing, and even eliminating, the global threats posed by a wide spectrum of infectious diseases, attempts to do the same for tuberculosis (TB) have failed to date. While most effective vaccines act by eliciting neutralizing antibodies, T cells are the primary medi...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2014.10.003
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heavy chain class-switching is the process by which B lymphoid cells change the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain they produce. Class-switching is most commonly accomplished by recombinationldeletion between switch recombination regions that lie upstream of each germline heavy chain constant region gen...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The signalling mechanisms of the IL-2R remained an enigma until recent years. We now know that IL-2R are coupled to their own unique signalling pathways that complement rather than duplicate TCR signalling. The IL-2R beta- and gamma-chains are essential for signal coupling. Sequence comparisons indicate that portions ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1993.1040
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many human cancers possess a complex chemokine network that may influence the extent and phenotype of the leukocyte infiltrate, angiogenesis, tumor cell growth, survival and migration. Restricted expression of chemokine receptors on leukocytes may allow concise control of cell movement and retention at the tumor site....
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1044-5323(02)00127-6
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heterogeneity in the supramolecular organization of immunological synapses arises from the involvement of different cells, distinct environmental stimuli, and varying levels of protein expression. There may also be heterogeneity in the types and amounts of cell surface proteins and lipids that transfer between lymphoc...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2003.09.005
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Outbreaks of severe virus infections with the potential to cause global pandemics are increasing. In many instances these outbreaks have been newly emerging (SARS coronavirus), re-emerging (Ebola virus, Zika virus) or zoonotic (avian influenza H5N1) virus infections. In the absence of a targeted vaccine or a pathogen-...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2019.101300
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As T cells respond to pathogens, they must transition from a quiescent, naïve state, to a rapidly proliferating, active effector state, and back again to a quiescent state as they develop into memory cells. Such transitions place unique metabolic demands on the differentiating cells. T cells meet these demands by alte...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2012.12.006
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:V(D)J recombination consists of a DNA cleavage reaction catalysed by RAG1 and RAG2, followed by an end-joining reaction that utilizes the cell's double-strand break repair machinery. Genes essential for the end-joining reaction include: XRCC4 encoding a protein of unknown enzymatic function; XRCC5 and XRCC6 encoding 8...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1997.0070
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The humoral arm of the immune system provides robust protection against extracellular pathogens via the production of antibody molecules that neutralize or facilitate the destruction of microorganisms. However, the humoral immune system also provides a significant barrier to solid organ transplantation due to the anti...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2011.08.021
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recog...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.006
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Senescent cells (SCs) arise from normal cells in multiple organs due to inflammatory, metabolic, DNA damage, or tissue damage signals. SCs are non-proliferating but metabolically active cells that can secrete a range of pro-inflammatory and proteolytic factors as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2019.04.003
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of enzymes that modulate the cellular level of tyrosine phosphorylation. Based on cellular location, they are classified as receptor like or intracellular PTPs. Structure and function studies have led to the understanding of the enzymatic mechanism of this class of enz...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.2000.0209
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of the immune system to discriminate between healthy-self, abnormal-self, and non-self has been attributed mainly to alarmins signaling as "danger signals". It is now evident, however, that alarmins are much more complex and can perform specialized functions that can regulate a wide spectrum of processes r...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2018.08.004
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccinations are powerful tools for combating infections. Because of the age-related impairment in immune functions, the currently available vaccines are protecting only a small proportion of the elderly population. We, here, provide an overview of age-related changes in innate and adaptive immunity with particular em...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2005.05.005
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoantigens that contain DNA, RNA, or self-IgG are preferred targets for autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cells promote SLE pathogenesis by producing autoantibodies, activating autoreactive T cells, and secreting cytokines. We discuss how certain autoreactive B cells are selectively activated, ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2006.12.005
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alarmins are preformed, endogenous molecules that can be promptly released to signal cell or tissue stress or damage. The ubiquitous nuclear molecule high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a prototypical alarmin activating innate immunity. HMGB1 serves a dual alarmin function. The protein can be emitted to alert...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.011
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frontiers of cancer immunotherapy are extending in terms of both the range of cancer types that can potentially be targeted and the types of therapeutics that are in clinical development. The use of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) and its derivative, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, is currently limited to...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.003
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TCR gamma delta + T cells represent a minority of CD3+ T cells in many species including man. The molecular structure of the TCR gamma and delta loci in man is well understood. The gamma and delta loci contain V, D, J and C gene segments. These segments do not rearrange randomly but in a coordinated, ordered fashion d...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complement system covalently attaches C3d to microbial antigens which binds to CR2 on B lymphocytes, leading to a markedly enhanced adaptive immune response to that antigen. The enhancement is mediated by the cross-linking of the CR2-CD19 complex to mIg which augments the activation of several intracellular signal...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1998.0137
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) have important functions in the selection of memory B lymphocytes during germinal center reactions (GCR). They present native antigens to potential memory cells, of which only B cells with high affinity B cell receptors (BCR) can bind. These B lymphocytes survive, whereas nonbinding B...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1044-5323(02)00057-x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
