Abstract:
:B cell tolerance is described as the absence of a measurable antibody forming response to an antigenic challenge. The establishment of antigen-specific tolerance requires, by definition, engagement of the B cell antigen-specific receptor. However, only in some circumstances does this engagement lead to tolerance, while in others it produces B cell activation and secretion of immunoglobulins. Several mechanisms occur naturally in vivo abrogating the expression of deleterious autoantibodies and contributing to the state of self-tolerance. In this review, we will examine different ways in which B cell tolerance can be broken, focusing on evidence showing that activated-T cells and/or their lymphokines can prevent B cell clonal deletion and thus have a potential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This approach is based on the well-known association of several lymphokines, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and type I interferons, with autoimmune phenomena in vivo.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Alés-Martínez JE,Cuende E,Gaur A,Scott DWkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-06-01 00:00:00pages
195-202issue
3eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that play a key role in inflammatory and tissue reparative responses. Over the past decade it has become clear that shifts in cellular metabolism are important determinants of macrophage function and phenotype. At the same time, our appreciation of macrophage diversity in vivo has a...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.03.005
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abstract::No abstractCopyright 1997 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1997Academic Press Limited ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/smim.1997.0089
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.04.001
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.017
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.04.003
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.003
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.06.003
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.011
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2018.03.004
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.001
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2012.12.006
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2013.10.001
更新日期:2013-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/smim.1996.0056
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.011
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.2000.0209
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2008.05.004
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1995.0030
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.001
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.04.006
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2015.10.003
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1994.1039
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2013.10.011
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccinations are powerful tools for combating infections. Because of the age-related impairment in immune functions, the currently available vaccines are protecting only a small proportion of the elderly population. We, here, provide an overview of age-related changes in innate and adaptive immunity with particular em...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2005.05.005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontitis is a dysbiotic inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Current therapies are not always effective and this prevalent oral disease continues to be a significant health and economic burden. Early clinical studies have associated periodontitis with elevated complemen...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.006
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a panel of wild mice trapped in different geographical regions, the concomitant expression of V beta 17 T cell receptors and I-E histocompatibility molecules is frequent. By Southern blot analysis, eight forms of V beta 17 genes have been distinguished that encode five kinds of V beta 17 domains. Populations of Asi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the overwhelming success of immunization in reducing, and even eliminating, the global threats posed by a wide spectrum of infectious diseases, attempts to do the same for tuberculosis (TB) have failed to date. While most effective vaccines act by eliciting neutralizing antibodies, T cells are the primary medi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.10.003
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recog...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.006
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::B cells require signals from multiple sources for their development from precursor cells, and differentiation into effector cells. BAFF has been identified as a critical regulator of B cell development and differentiation. Defects in the production of BAFF and/or expression of its receptors have been associated with a...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.04.004
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00