Phospholipase D and immune receptor signalling.

abstract：:B cell tolerance is described as the absence of a measurable antibody forming response to an antigenic challenge. The establishment of antigen-specific tolerance requires, by definition, engagement of the B cell antigen-specific receptor. However, only in some circumstances does this engagement lead to tolerance, whil...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Alés-Martínez JE,Cuende E,Gaur A,Scott DW

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanotechnology-based strategies can dramatically impact the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of a wide range of diseases. Despite the unprecedented success achieved with the use of nanomaterials to address unmet biomedical needs and their particular suitability for the effective application of a personalized medici...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Silva AL,Peres C,Conniot J,Matos AI,Moura L,Carreira B,Sainz V,Scomparin A,Satchi-Fainaro R,Préat V,Florindo HF

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Secondary, so-called costimulatory, signals are critically required for the process of T cell activation. Since landmark studies defined that T cells receiving a T cell receptor signal without a costimulatory signal, are tolerized in vitro, the investigation of T cell costimulation has attracted intense interest. Earl...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Pilat N,Sayegh MH,Wekerle T

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The LTB4 pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic drug development. Two broad classes of drugs have been pursued: antagonists of the primary LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2) and inhibitors of LTA4 Hydrolase (LTA4H), the rate limiting enzyme in the production of LTB4. An initial wave of effort culminated in the 19...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Bhatt L,Roinestad K,Van T,Springman EB

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian c-Abl belongs to an evolutionary conserved family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. It is distributed both in the cytoplasm in association with F-actin, and in the nucleus where it binds chromatin. The normal function of c-Abl is poorly understood. Nevertheless, there has been rapid progress in the character...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Laneuville P

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advancing age is accompanied by profound changes in immune function; some are induced by the loss of critical niches that support development of naïve cells (e.g. thymic involution), others by the intrinsic physiology of long-lived cells attempting to maintain homeostasis, still others by extrinsic effects such as oxi...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： High KP,Akbar AN,Nikolich-Zugich J

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that play a key role in inflammatory and tissue reparative responses. Over the past decade it has become clear that shifts in cellular metabolism are important determinants of macrophage function and phenotype. At the same time, our appreciation of macrophage diversity in vivo has a...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Artyomov MN,Sergushichev A,Schilling JD

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a key role in promoting tumor progression. The tumor uses exosomes to co-opt MSCs and re-program their functional profile from normally trophic to pro-tumorigenic. These tumor-derived small vesicles called "TEX" carry and ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Whiteside TL

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Minor lymphocyte stimulating (Mls) antigens have profound effects on the murine immune system and have been very important for our current understanding of immune tolerance. It has recently been discovered that these Mls antigens are encoded in an open reading frame located in the 3' long terminal repeat of endogenous...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Acha-Orbea H,Waanders GA,Shakhov AN,Held W

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ly49 and Nkrp1 loci encode structurally and functionally related cell surface proteins that positively or negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Yet despite their clear relatedness and genetic linkage within the NK gene complex (NKC), these two multi-gene famili...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Carlyle JR,Mesci A,Fine JH,Chen P,Bélanger S,Tai LH,Makrigiannis AP

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel lymphocyte lineage, V alpha 14 NKT cells, has recently been identified and appears to be distinct from conventional alphabeta T cells. V alpha 14 NKT cells express a single invariant V alpha 14 antigen receptor that is essential for their development. They recognize a glycolipid antigen (alpha -galactosylceram...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Taniguchi M,Nakayama T

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neoantigens are antigens encoded by tumor-specific mutated genes. Studies in the past few years have suggested a key role for neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Here we review the discoveries of neoantigens in the past two decades and the current advances in neoantigen identification. We also discuss the potential b...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Lu YC,Robbins PF

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been reported to be responsible for several chronic inflammatory diseases. However, a peculiar feature of human Th17 cells is that they are very rare in the inflammatory sites in comparison with Th1 cells. The first reason for this rarity is the existence of some self-regulatory mechanism...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Annunziato F,Santarlasci V,Maggi L,Cosmi L,Liotta F,Romagnani S

更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of GPI-anchored membrane proteins presented a conundrum for membrane biologists. What could the special purpose be for this type of membrane anchor and why couldn't a transmembrane anchor do the same job? Recent information from several different sources is beginning to provide answers to these questions...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Anderson RG

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From the earliest days in the field of tumor immunology three questions have been asked: do cancer cells express tumor-specific antigens, does the immune system recognize these antigens and if so, what is their biochemical nature? We now know that truly tumor-specific antigens exist, that they are caused by somatic mu...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Schietinger A,Philip M,Schreiber H

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune diseases have been studied from the perspective of an abnormal immune response in genetically vulnerable hosts. Although the immune response is responsible for the initiation of autoimmune diseases, the effectors of the disease process likely involves cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosi...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Dinarello CA

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) were identified decades ago by their ability to retain immune complexes and more recent findings indicate that they are a source of B cell attractants and trophic factors. New imaging studies have shown that B cells closely associate with their dendritic processes during migration. He...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Allen CD,Cyster JG

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular activation is mainly defined as the response of a cell to exogenous signals eventually leading to changes in protein expression and cellular function. Originally, macrophage activation was mainly associated with phagocytic function. Later other effector functions such as cytokine secretion, upregulation of ce...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Schultze JL,Schmidt SV

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of enzymes that modulate the cellular level of tyrosine phosphorylation. Based on cellular location, they are classified as receptor like or intracellular PTPs. Structure and function studies have led to the understanding of the enzymatic mechanism of this class of enz...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Li L,Dixon JE

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-five years ago, immunologists and neuroscientists had little science of mutual interest. This is no longer the case. Neuroscientists now know that the first formally defined cytokine, IL-1, activates a discrete population of hypothalamic neurons. This interaction leads to the release of glucocorticoids from the...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Kelley KW,McCusker RH

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized sensors of viral nucleic acids that initiate protective immunity through the production of type I interferons (IFNs). Normally, pDCs fail to sense host-derived self-nucleic acids but do so when self-nucleic acids form complexes with endogenous antimicrobial peptides ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Conrad C,Meller S,Gilliet M

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen may be targeted to antigen presenting cells (APC) by conjugating the antigen to monoclonal antibodies directed against surface molecules on APC. By now several laboratories have shown that immunotargeting enhances humoral responses, depending upon the targeted ligand or cell type, with low doses of antigen and...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Fossum S,Berg SF,Mjaaland S

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signals from the precursor-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) are essential for selection and clonal expansion of pre-B cells that have performed productive immunoglobulin heavy chain V(D)J recombination. In the mouse, the downstream signaling molecules SLP-65 and Btk cooperate to limit proliferation and induce differentiation...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Hendriks RW,Kersseboom R

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toll-like receptors are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that evolved to detect microbial infection. These receptors recognize conserved molecular products derived from different classes of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Following recognitio...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Pasare C,Medzhitov R

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) have important functions in the selection of memory B lymphocytes during germinal center reactions (GCR). They present native antigens to potential memory cells, of which only B cells with high affinity B cell receptors (BCR) can bind. These B lymphocytes survive, whereas nonbinding B...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： van Nierop K,de Groot C

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies have demonstrated how different cell types of mesenchymal and myeloid origin can independently exhibit immunoregulatory activities. In response to inflammatory cues, they transcribe a molecular repertoire that restores the tissue microenvironment to what it was before the injury. There is accumulating ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Cheung TS,Dazzi F

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. Like many common diseases, MS has a genetic component; however, as with most complex diseases, the genetic architecture may be influenced by heterogeneity, incomplete penetrance, polygenic inheritance, and environmental factors. This clinic...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Zuvich RL,McCauley JL,Pericak-Vance MA,Haines JL

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many human cancers possess a complex chemokine network that may influence the extent and phenotype of the leukocyte infiltrate, angiogenesis, tumor cell growth, survival and migration. Restricted expression of chemokine receptors on leukocytes may allow concise control of cell movement and retention at the tumor site....

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Balkwill F

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neutrophils have traditionally been thought to play only a peripheral role in the genesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, recent studies in a variety of animal models suggest that these cells are central to the initiation and propagation of autoimmunity. The use of mouse models, which allow eith...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Németh T,Mócsai A,Lowell CA

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interaction of CD40 on B cells with its ligand on activated T helper cells is crucial for the generation of mature T-dependent antibody responses. Experimental observations suggest that CD40 ligation acts at several points in B cell differentiation; however, it is not clear whether the consequences of ligation are dir...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Gray D,Siepmann K,Wohlleben G

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00