Abstract:
:Neoantigens are antigens encoded by tumor-specific mutated genes. Studies in the past few years have suggested a key role for neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Here we review the discoveries of neoantigens in the past two decades and the current advances in neoantigen identification. We also discuss the potential benefits and obstacles to the development of effective cancer immunotherapies targeting neoantigens.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Lu YC,Robbins PFdoi
10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-01 00:00:00pages
22-7issue
1eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618pii
S1044-5323(15)00073-1journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Celiac disease (CD) is an increasingly common disease of the small intestine that occurs in genetically susceptible subjects by ingestion of cereal gluten proteins. Gluten is highly abundant in the modern diet and well tolerated by most individuals. In CD, however, an erroneous but highly specific, adaptive immune res...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.001
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a growth and differentiation factor critical for clonal T cell expansion and function. Produced exclusively in T cells, IL-2 transcription and synthesis occurs only after appropriate cellular activation via the clonotypic antigen-receptor and co-stimulatory molecules. IL-2 gene expression is in...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1999.0192
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontitis is a dysbiotic inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Current therapies are not always effective and this prevalent oral disease continues to be a significant health and economic burden. Early clinical studies have associated periodontitis with elevated complemen...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.006
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccinations are powerful tools for combating infections. Because of the age-related impairment in immune functions, the currently available vaccines are protecting only a small proportion of the elderly population. We, here, provide an overview of age-related changes in innate and adaptive immunity with particular em...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2005.05.005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mucosal surfaces of the lungs are a major portal of entry for virus infections and there are urgent needs for new vaccines that promote effective pulmonary immunity. However, we have only a rudimentary understanding of the requirements for effective cellular immunity in the respiratory tract. Recent studies have r...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2004.02.003
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interaction of CD40 on B cells with its ligand on activated T helper cells is crucial for the generation of mature T-dependent antibody responses. Experimental observations suggest that CD40 ligation acts at several points in B cell differentiation; however, it is not clear whether the consequences of ligation are dir...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1994.1039
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune diseases have been studied from the perspective of an abnormal immune response in genetically vulnerable hosts. Although the immune response is responsible for the initiation of autoimmune diseases, the effectors of the disease process likely involves cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian alimentary tract harbors hundreds of bacterial species that constitute the indigenous microbial flora. The indigenous microbial flora has long been appreciated for its role in host immune system development. Recent reports suggest that components of the microbial flora differentially affect the proportio...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.010
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade accumulating evidence supported the view that the immune system should be regarded as trust consisting of several branches. In this review, we will first introduce the architectural features comprising the intestinal immune system emphasising its plasticity and subsequently discuss the concepts desc...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2008.03.001
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recog...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.006
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophage presence and phenotype are critical determinants of the healing response following injury. Downregulation of the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype has been associated with the therapeutic use of bioscaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM), but phenotypic characterization of macrophages has typic...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2017.04.004
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4+ helper T cells recognize short peptides stably associated with class II MHC molecules displayed on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Very little is known about the sequence of events that lead to the generation of these peptides from protein antigens. It is likely that native proteins must partially unfold...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1995.0039
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been reported to be responsible for several chronic inflammatory diseases. However, a peculiar feature of human Th17 cells is that they are very rare in the inflammatory sites in comparison with Th1 cells. The first reason for this rarity is the existence of some self-regulatory mechanism...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2013.10.011
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The signalling mechanisms of the IL-2R remained an enigma until recent years. We now know that IL-2R are coupled to their own unique signalling pathways that complement rather than duplicate TCR signalling. The IL-2R beta- and gamma-chains are essential for signal coupling. Sequence comparisons indicate that portions ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1993.1040
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptive immune system, which utilizes RAG-mediated recombination to diversify immune receptors, arose in ancestors of the jawed vertebrates approximately 500 million years ago. Homologs of immunoglobulins (Igs), T cell antigen receptors (TCRs), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II, and the recombinatio...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2004.08.001
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::B cell tolerance is described as the absence of a measurable antibody forming response to an antigenic challenge. The establishment of antigen-specific tolerance requires, by definition, engagement of the B cell antigen-specific receptor. However, only in some circumstances does this engagement lead to tolerance, whil...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria, apoptotic cells and other particulate material are taken up through phagocytosis, a conserved cellular function driven by actin polymerization. As reviewed here, small GTPases of the Rho family, their activators and effectors control the local reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton underneath bound particl...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.2001.0331
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the overwhelming success of immunization in reducing, and even eliminating, the global threats posed by a wide spectrum of infectious diseases, attempts to do the same for tuberculosis (TB) have failed to date. While most effective vaccines act by eliciting neutralizing antibodies, T cells are the primary medi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.10.003
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The creation of a highly diverse antibody repertoire requires the synergistic activity of a DNA mutator, known as activation-induced deaminase (AID), coupled with an error-prone repair process that recognizes the DNA mismatch catalyzed by AID. Instead of facilitating the canonical error-free response, which generally ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2012.05.005
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody production is crucial for a successful vaccine response. Beyond the ability of vitamin A (VA) and its active metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) to restore growth in VA-deficient animals, supplementation with VA and/or treatment with RA can augment antibody responses in both VA-deficient and VA-adequate ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2008.08.004
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The germinal center is a critical locus in the production of protective immunity, but its function is poorly understood. Studies of mutant forms of CD19 revealed differences in signaling in different compartments inside the germinal center, and structural findings indicate a selective role in the interaction with foll...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.12.007
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The type I membrane protein receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) distinctively exhibits significant alternative splicing that allows for tunable functions upon homophilic binding. CEACAM1 is highly expressed in the tumor environment and is strictly regulated on lymphocytes such ...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2019.101296
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recombination activating genes 1 and 2 (Rag1 and Rag2) encode the key enzyme that is required for the generation of the highly diversified antigen receptor repertoire central to adaptive immunity. The longstanding model proposed that this gene pair was acquired by horizontal gene transfer to explain its abrupt app...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.11.004
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the introduction almost a century ago of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG), an attenuated form of M. bovis that is used as a vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis remains a global health threat and kills more than 1.5 million people each year. This is mostly because BCG fails to prevent pulmonar...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.003
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Department of lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells is controlled, in part, by the activity of transcriptional regulatory proteins. In particular, one class of helix-loop-helix proteins, termed E-proteins, have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression during B-cell development. Recent analysis of gene-...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1998.0116
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decades of basic research has established the importance of Ca2+ to various T cell functions, such as cytotoxicity, proliferation, differentiation and cytokine secretion. We now have a good understanding of how proximal TCR signaling initiates Ca2+ influx and how this influx subsequently changes transcriptional activi...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2020.101434
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major public health burden. It is generally thought that while B cell- and antibody-mediated immunity plays an important role in host defense against extracellular pathogens, the primary control of intracellular microbes derives from cellular immune mechanisms. Studies on the immun...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.10.005
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans are continuously exposed to a high number of diverse pathogens that induce different types of immune responses. Primary pathogen-specific immune responses generate multiple subsets of memory T cells, which provide protection against secondary infections. In recent years, several novel T cell subsets have been i...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2013.10.012
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Heterogeneity in the supramolecular organization of immunological synapses arises from the involvement of different cells, distinct environmental stimuli, and varying levels of protein expression. There may also be heterogeneity in the types and amounts of cell surface proteins and lipids that transfer between lymphoc...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.smim.2003.09.005
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute retroviral syndrome associated with primary HIV-1 infection is characterized by clinical signs of immune activation, multi-system dysfunction, and high levels of cell-associated and plasma viremia, p24 antigenemia, and proviral burden. Clinical abnormalities associated with acute HIV-1 infection and measures...
journal_title:Seminars in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/smim.1993.1018
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00