Chemokine biology in cancer.

abstract：:Viral and microbial pathogens contain specific motifs or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by cell surface- and endosome-associated Toll-like receptors (TLRs). RNA virus infection is also detected through TLR-independent mechanisms. Early viral replicative intermediates are detected by...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Nakhaei P,Genin P,Civas A,Hiscott J

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physiological messages to cells are encoded in the magnitude, and in the time- and space-contingencies, of sets of stimuli. In particular, individual T cells continuously integrate antigenic and other signals and respond differentially to the rate of change in the level of stimulation, translated intracellularly into ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Grossman Z,Paul WE

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Department of lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells is controlled, in part, by the activity of transcriptional regulatory proteins. In particular, one class of helix-loop-helix proteins, termed E-proteins, have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression during B-cell development. Recent analysis of gene-...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Bain G,Murre C

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are important for tissue development, homeostasis as well as immune response upon injury or infection. For a long time they were only seen as one uniform group of phagocytes with a common origin and similar functions. However, this view has been challenged in the last decade and revealed a complex diversit...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Kierdorf K,Prinz M,Geissmann F,Gomez Perdiguero E

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for lymphocyte markers can be considered as very specific immunomodulating drugs for treatment of allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases. Although the selection of potentially useful specificities of MAb can be made in rodents, human specific MAb can only be evaluated in man o...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Jonker M

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tyrosine activating motif (TAM) is a conserved signaling motif present in many hematopoietic receptors. Although the exact definition and the function of these motifs is not known, it is likely that these motifs bind and activate protein tyrosine kinases. Here we summarize the data regarding tyrosine kinase intera...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Shaw AS,Gauen LK,Zhu Y

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CR1 (C3b receptor) and CR2 (C3d/EBV receptor) are two C3 receptors expressed on B lymphocytes. CR1 and CR2 have structural similarities and their cross-linking at the B cell surface by antibodies or specific ligands in multimeric forms induce B cell activation. However, activation of human B cells through cell surface...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Frade R

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pursuit of clinical transplant tolerance has led to enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying immune regulation, including the characterization of immune regulatory cells, in particular antigen-presenting cells (APC) and regulatory T cells (Treg), that may play key roles in promoting operational tolerance. D...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Ezzelarab M,Thomson AW

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-five years ago, immunologists and neuroscientists had little science of mutual interest. This is no longer the case. Neuroscientists now know that the first formally defined cytokine, IL-1, activates a discrete population of hypothalamic neurons. This interaction leads to the release of glucocorticoids from the...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Kelley KW,McCusker RH

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B cell tolerance is described as the absence of a measurable antibody forming response to an antigenic challenge. The establishment of antigen-specific tolerance requires, by definition, engagement of the B cell antigen-specific receptor. However, only in some circumstances does this engagement lead to tolerance, whil...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Alés-Martínez JE,Cuende E,Gaur A,Scott DW

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten seven-transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled receptors have been identified that are functional HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV coreceptors. However, the specific structures these receptors have in common that enable them to mediate HIV entry are unknown. Structure-function analyses have revealed that the determinants of cor...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Berson JF,Doms RW

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Secondary, so-called costimulatory, signals are critically required for the process of T cell activation. Since landmark studies defined that T cells receiving a T cell receptor signal without a costimulatory signal, are tolerized in vitro, the investigation of T cell costimulation has attracted intense interest. Earl...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Pilat N,Sayegh MH,Wekerle T

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody production is crucial for a successful vaccine response. Beyond the ability of vitamin A (VA) and its active metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) to restore growth in VA-deficient animals, supplementation with VA and/or treatment with RA can augment antibody responses in both VA-deficient and VA-adequate ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Ross AC,Chen Q,Ma Y

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As a component of all living cells and microbes, it is not surprising that organisms have evolved mechanisms to detect foreign or aberrant DNA and trigger an innate immune response. TLR9 is an endosomal membrane bound receptor that is widely studied and the best understood DNA sensor. However, the existence of TLR9-in...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Vilaysane A,Muruve DA

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From the earliest days in the field of tumor immunology three questions have been asked: do cancer cells express tumor-specific antigens, does the immune system recognize these antigens and if so, what is their biochemical nature? We now know that truly tumor-specific antigens exist, that they are caused by somatic mu...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Schietinger A,Philip M,Schreiber H

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The LTB4 pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic drug development. Two broad classes of drugs have been pursued: antagonists of the primary LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2) and inhibitors of LTA4 Hydrolase (LTA4H), the rate limiting enzyme in the production of LTB4. An initial wave of effort culminated in the 19...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Bhatt L,Roinestad K,Van T,Springman EB

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The OX-40 receptor (OX-40R) is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of activated CD4(+) T cells. When engaged by an agonist such as anti-OX-40 antibody or the OX-40 ligand (OX-40L) during antigen presentation to T cell lines, the OX-40R generates a costimulatory signal that is as potent as CD28 costimulation. ...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Weinberg AD,Vella AT,Croft M

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Senescent cells (SCs) arise from normal cells in multiple organs due to inflammatory, metabolic, DNA damage, or tissue damage signals. SCs are non-proliferating but metabolically active cells that can secrete a range of pro-inflammatory and proteolytic factors as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Prata LGPL,Ovsyannikova IG,Tchkonia T,Kirkland JL

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ectodysplasin (Eda) is the most studied tumor necrosis ligand in the field of developmental biology. In all vertebrates studied so far, inactivating germline mutations in Eda lead to the genetic disease called hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). In humans, HED is a life-threatening condition in particular in infa...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Lefebvre S,Mikkola ML

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The humoral arm of the immune system provides robust protection against extracellular pathogens via the production of antibody molecules that neutralize or facilitate the destruction of microorganisms. However, the humoral immune system also provides a significant barrier to solid organ transplantation due to the anti...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Montgomery RA,Cozzi E,West LJ,Warren DS

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In seeking an explanation for the complexity of tissue development, biologists are obliged to explain lineage commitment, the events that dictate whether or not a progenitor cell will differentiate into one cell type or another. Such explanations have been sought across a broad spectrum of biological systems, although...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Hayday AC,Barber DF,Douglas N,Hoffman ES

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations have been shown to neutralize HIV-1 infection in vitro. Upon direct testing in humans, however, many of these have failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy. Hu-PBL-SCID mice offer a model system in which to test the pre-clinical efficacy of antibody preparations....

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Koup RA,Safrit JT,Weir R,Gauduin MC

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunological memory provides the basis for successful vaccines. It is important to understand the properties of memory cells. There is much known about the phenotype and functions of memory CD8 T cells, less about memory B cells, while CD4 memory T cells have proved difficult to study. Differences in the types of mem...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： MacLeod MK,Clambey ET,Kappler JW,Marrack P

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are unique cells for origin, heterogeneity and plasticity. At steady state most of macrophages are derived from fetal sources and maintained in adulthood through self-renewing. Despite sharing common progenitors, a remarkable heterogeneity characterized tissue-resident macrophages indicating that local sig...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Porta C,Riboldi E,Ippolito A,Sica A

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recog...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Oberbarnscheidt MH,Zecher D,Lakkis FG

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been increasing worldwide. Nevertheless, some concerns exist with this treatment. The rate of long-term sustained unresponsiveness is quite low; moreover, the desensitization or sustained unresponsiveness does not equate to tolerance. Furthermore, adverse reactions are frequent...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Yanagida N,Sato S,Ebisawa M

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Decades of basic research has established the importance of Ca2+ to various T cell functions, such as cytotoxicity, proliferation, differentiation and cytokine secretion. We now have a good understanding of how proximal TCR signaling initiates Ca2+ influx and how this influx subsequently changes transcriptional activi...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Meng X,Wu X,Zheng Y,Shang K,Jing R,Jiao P,Zhou C,Zhou J,Sun J

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Solid cancers progress from primordial lesions through complex interactions between tumor-promoting and anti-tumor immune cell types, ultimately leading to the orchestration of humoral and T cell adaptive immune responses, albeit in an immunosuppressive environment. B cells infiltrating most established tumors have be...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Conejo-Garcia JR,Biswas S,Chaurio R

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signals from the precursor-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) are essential for selection and clonal expansion of pre-B cells that have performed productive immunoglobulin heavy chain V(D)J recombination. In the mouse, the downstream signaling molecules SLP-65 and Btk cooperate to limit proliferation and induce differentiation...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Hendriks RW,Kersseboom R

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This issue of Seminars in Immunology on The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Family of Ligands and Receptors updates the rapidly expanding importance of this family. There are individual chapters on IL-1α, IL-1β, processing and secretion of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36 and IL-37. In addition, a chapter of IL-1 decoy receptors, IL-1...

journal_title：Seminars in immunology

authors： Dinarello CA

更新日期：2013-12-15 00:00:00