Abstract：
:A novel lymphocyte lineage, V alpha 14 NKT cells, has recently been identified and appears to be distinct from conventional alphabeta T cells. V alpha 14 NKT cells express a single invariant V alpha 14 antigen receptor that is essential for their development. They recognize a glycolipid antigen (alpha -galactosylceramide) or parasitic glycophosphatidylinositols (GPI) in association with a monomorphic class Ib, CD1d, and perform various functions such as Th1 and Th2 cytokine production as well as perforin/granzyme B-mediated cytotoxicity. Although the precise physiological function of V alpha 14 NKT cells remains to be elucidated, emerging experimental evidence suggests their intriguing regulatory features in the immune system.
journal_name
Semin Immunoljournal_title
Seminars in immunologyauthors
Taniguchi M,Nakayama Tdoi
10.1006/smim.2000.0270keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-12-01 00:00:00pages
543-50issue
6eissn
1044-5323issn
1096-3618pii
S1044-5323(00)90270-7journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Signals from the precursor-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) are essential for selection and clonal expansion of pre-B cells that have performed productive immunoglobulin heavy chain V(D)J recombination. In the mouse, the downstream signaling molecules SLP-65 and Btk cooperate to limit proliferation and induce differentiation...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2005.10.002
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The BLyS family of receptors includes two cytokines, BLyS and APRIL; and three receptors, BR3, BCMA and TACI. Together, these regulate the size and composition of peripheral B cell pools. The multiplicity of ligand-receptor sets, in conjunction with differential receptor expression, alternative binding partners and di...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.001
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of GPI-anchored membrane proteins presented a conundrum for membrane biologists. What could the special purpose be for this type of membrane anchor and why couldn't a transmembrane anchor do the same job? Recent information from several different sources is beginning to provide answers to these questions...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1994.1013
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The signalling mechanisms of the IL-2R remained an enigma until recent years. We now know that IL-2R are coupled to their own unique signalling pathways that complement rather than duplicate TCR signalling. The IL-2R beta- and gamma-chains are essential for signal coupling. Sequence comparisons indicate that portions ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1993.1040
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now well established that the progression of T cell development requires interactions between the surfaces of thymocytes and thymic stromal cells. For example, the maturation of CD4+8+ cells into functional CD4+ or CD8+ cells requires TCR/MHC interactions, which, depending on the specificity of the particular TC...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1994.1028
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral infections often result in long-term immunological memory. This article reviews the phenotypic changes seen in memory T cells and suggests a re-evaluation of the current dogma that T cell memory is maintained by persistence of antigen. ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heterogeneity in the supramolecular organization of immunological synapses arises from the involvement of different cells, distinct environmental stimuli, and varying levels of protein expression. There may also be heterogeneity in the types and amounts of cell surface proteins and lipids that transfer between lymphoc...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2003.09.005
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:No abstractCopyright 1997 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1997Academic Press Limited ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/smim.1997.0089
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations have been shown to neutralize HIV-1 infection in vitro. Upon direct testing in humans, however, many of these have failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy. Hu-PBL-SCID mice offer a model system in which to test the pre-clinical efficacy of antibody preparations....
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1996.0033
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acute retroviral syndrome associated with primary HIV-1 infection is characterized by clinical signs of immune activation, multi-system dysfunction, and high levels of cell-associated and plasma viremia, p24 antigenemia, and proviral burden. Clinical abnormalities associated with acute HIV-1 infection and measures...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1993.1018
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ectodysplasin (Eda) is the most studied tumor necrosis ligand in the field of developmental biology. In all vertebrates studied so far, inactivating germline mutations in Eda lead to the genetic disease called hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). In humans, HED is a life-threatening condition in particular in infa...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2014.05.002
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This issue of Seminars in Immunology on The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Family of Ligands and Receptors updates the rapidly expanding importance of this family. There are individual chapters on IL-1α, IL-1β, processing and secretion of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36 and IL-37. In addition, a chapter of IL-1 decoy receptors, IL-1...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2013.10.001
更新日期：2013-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In the adult thymus the majority of thymocytes are at a non-proliferating end stage, during which 3% of all CD4+CD8+ cortical thymocytes are selected on the basis of appropriate T-cell antigen-receptor (TcR) specificity to become CD4-CD8+ or CD4+CD8- mature thymocytes. The selected mature cells gradually emigrate to t...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The humoral arm of the immune system provides robust protection against extracellular pathogens via the production of antibody molecules that neutralize or facilitate the destruction of microorganisms. However, the humoral immune system also provides a significant barrier to solid organ transplantation due to the anti...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2011.08.021
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five years ago, immunologists and neuroscientists had little science of mutual interest. This is no longer the case. Neuroscientists now know that the first formally defined cytokine, IL-1, activates a discrete population of hypothalamic neurons. This interaction leads to the release of glucocorticoids from the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.011
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a key role in promoting tumor progression. The tumor uses exosomes to co-opt MSCs and re-program their functional profile from normally trophic to pro-tumorigenic. These tumor-derived small vesicles called "TEX" carry and ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2017.12.003
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The type I membrane protein receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) distinctively exhibits significant alternative splicing that allows for tunable functions upon homophilic binding. CEACAM1 is highly expressed in the tumor environment and is strictly regulated on lymphocytes such ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2019.101296
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of the mucosal immune system to distinguish between harmful and harmless antigens is essential for mounting protective immune responses and preventing the induction of mucosal pathology yet the basis for this remains unclear. As fed antigen can also exert systemic effects understanding oral tolerance and p...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.2001.0310
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:B cell tolerance is described as the absence of a measurable antibody forming response to an antigenic challenge. The establishment of antigen-specific tolerance requires, by definition, engagement of the B cell antigen-specific receptor. However, only in some circumstances does this engagement lead to tolerance, whil...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune diseases have been studied from the perspective of an abnormal immune response in genetically vulnerable hosts. Although the immune response is responsible for the initiation of autoimmune diseases, the effectors of the disease process likely involves cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosi...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been reported to be responsible for several chronic inflammatory diseases. However, a peculiar feature of human Th17 cells is that they are very rare in the inflammatory sites in comparison with Th1 cells. The first reason for this rarity is the existence of some self-regulatory mechanism...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2013.10.011
更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Heavy chain class-switching is the process by which B lymphoid cells change the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain they produce. Class-switching is most commonly accomplished by recombinationldeletion between switch recombination regions that lie upstream of each germline heavy chain constant region gen...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Poxviruses, unlike some other large DNA viruses, do not undergo a latent stage but rely on the expression of viral proteins to evade host immune responses. Of the many poxviral evasion genes identified, most target cytokines or other innate immune defenses. Resistance to interferons appears to be a priority as there a...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.2000.0296
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a growth and differentiation factor critical for clonal T cell expansion and function. Produced exclusively in T cells, IL-2 transcription and synthesis occurs only after appropriate cellular activation via the clonotypic antigen-receptor and co-stimulatory molecules. IL-2 gene expression is in...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1999.0192
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. Like many common diseases, MS has a genetic component; however, as with most complex diseases, the genetic architecture may be influenced by heterogeneity, incomplete penetrance, polygenic inheritance, and environmental factors. This clinic...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2009.08.003
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The commensal microbiome constitutes an important modulator of host physiology and risk of disease, including cancer development and progression. Lately, the microbiome has been suggested to modulate the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. Examples include chemotherapy and total body irradiation-induced barrier functio...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2017.04.001
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, there have been a number of reports that gamma delta T cells are stimulated by heat shock, or stress, proteins. Although some alpha beta T cells are capable of recognizing heat shock proteins, we speculate that most or a group of gamma delta cells generally recognize this type of antigen. Recognition of heat...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is now recognised as a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disease contributing to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multiple mechanisms leading to the low grade inflammation in this setting have been suggested. Due to the complexity and interconnection of inflammatory and...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.001
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toll-like receptors are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that evolved to detect microbial infection. These receptors recognize conserved molecular products derived from different classes of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Following recognitio...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.smim.2003.10.006
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In humans, blood is commonly monitored to provide surrogates of disease progression and assess immune status. However, the varied, rapid and atypical alterations in lymphocyte subsets which may occur in blood in response to pathogens, are not predictive of changes in the bulk of the immune system. A hallmark of human ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/smim.1999.0169
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
