CMV in critically ill patients: pathogen or bystander?

abstract：:Members of the Herpesviridae family of viruses are classified into the alpha, beta and gamma subfamilies. The alpha subfamily is estimated to have diverged from the beta and gamma subfamilies 200-220 million years ago. The ancestors of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), two ubiquitous...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Mori I,Nishiyama Y

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent isolation of West Nile virus from a bird in mid-winter in New York immediately raised, as one of a few explanations, the possibility of long-term persistence of arboviruses in vertebrate hosts. Although it was a highly popular topic for research many years ago, generally it has since been neglected and its ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Kuno G

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adjuvants historically are considered to stimulate immune responses 'non-specifically'. Recently, a renewed understanding of the critical role of innate immunity in influencing the development of an adaptive immune response has led researchers to a better understanding of 'the adjuvant effect'. Although innate immune ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fairweather D,Frisancho-Kiss S,Rose NR

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although epidemiological and molecular epidemiological (serotype, genotype, and lineage information) data are available for several major cities in Indonesia, there is yet to be a comprehensive national study of dengue in Indonesia over time. This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive epidemiology of circulat...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Harapan H,Michie A,Yohan B,Shu PY,Mudatsir M,Sasmono RT,Imrie A

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TT virus (TTV) was found in 1997 from a hepatitis patient without virus markers. However, the real impact of TTV on liver diseases remains uncertain to date. Due to the lack of suitable cell systems to support the growth of TTV, the biology of TTV is still obscure. This review tries to summarise the current status of ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Hino S

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) genomic DNA contains at least 74 distinct genes. A set of 40 genes, termed the 'core genes', is commonly found in all herpesviruses; their products include four capsid proteins, six DNA replication proteins, seven DNA packaging/cleavage proteins, four envelope glycoproteins, as well as sever...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Nishiyama Y

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The alarming rise of morbidity and mortality caused by influenza pandemics and epidemics has drawn attention worldwide since the last few decades. This life-threatening problem necessitates the development of a safe and effective vaccine to protect against incoming pandemics. The currently available flu vaccines rely ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Keshavarz M,Mirzaei H,Salemi M,Momeni F,Mousavi MJ,Sadeghalvad M,Arjeini Y,Solaymani-Mohammadi F,Sadri Nahand J,Namdari H,Mokhtari-Azad T,Rezaei F

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs based on amino acid sequence of Heptad Repeats of gp41 of HIV have been explored in search of anti-HIV drugs acting by inhibition of the gp41 6-helix formation and subsequent cellular infection. These are classified under a distinct discipline called HIV fusion inhibitors. Resistance to HIV fusion inhibitors and...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Qadir MI,Malik SA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serine/threonine kinase expressed by human cytomegalovirus from gene UL97 phosphorylates the antiviral drug ganciclovir, but its biological function is the phosphorylation of its natural viral and cellular protein substrates which affect viral replication at many levels. The UL97 kinase null phenotype is therefore...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Prichard MN

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type B coxsackieviruses (CV-B) frequently infect the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurological diseases notably meningitis and encephalitis. These infections occur principally among newborns and children. Epidemiological studies of patients with nervous system disorders demonstrate the presence of infectious v...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Jmii H,Fisson S,Aouni M,Jaidane H

更新日期：2020-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccination is the current strategy for control and prevention of severe rotavirus infections, a major cause of acute, dehydrating diarrhoea in young children worldwide. Public health interventions aimed at improving water, food and sanitation are unlikely adequately to control the disease. The development of vaccines...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fischer TK,Gentsch JR

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, must use their hosts' metabolic machinery in order to replicate their genomes and form infectious progeny virions. What is less well known are the details of how viruses make sure that once all the necessary proteins are made, that they assume the cor...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Byrd CM,Hruby DE

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) or haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease caused by a dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. This T cell/NK cell dysregulation causes an aberrant cytokine release, resulting in proliferation/activation of histiocytes with subsequent haemophagocytosis. Histioc...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Maakaroun NR,Moanna A,Jacob JT,Albrecht H

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The common mucosal immune system (CMIS) consists of an integrated cross-communication pathway of lymphoid tissues made up of inductive and effector sites for host protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Major effector molecules of the CMIS include IgA antibodies and cytokines, chemokines and their corresponding ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Iijima H,Takahashi I,Kiyono H

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are intracellular pathogens that have to usurp some of the cellular machineries to provide an optimal environment for their own replication. An increasing number of reports reveal that many viruses induce modifications of nuclear substructures including nucleoli, whether they replicate or not in the nucleus of...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Greco A

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are obligate parasites dependent on host cells for survival. Viral infection of a cell activates a panel of pattern recognition receptors that mediate antiviral host responses to inhibit viral replication and dissemination. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade and subvert this antiviral host response, incl...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： van Zuylen WJ,Rawlinson WD,Ford CE

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The conventional diagnosis of dengue virus infections includes the detection of the virus in serum or tissue samples, both by isolation in culture or through detection of specific viral molecules (genome RNA or dengue antigens) and detection of specific anti-dengue antibodies (serology). Isolation of dengue virus prov...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Teles FR,Prazeres DM,Lima-Filho JL

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two γ-herpesviruses identified in humans and are strongly associated with the development of malignancies. Murine γ-herpesvirus (MHV-68) is a naturally occurring rodent pathogen, representing a unique experimental model for dissecting γ-he...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Hu Z,Usherwood EJ

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing appreciation that the regulation of the melatonergic pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect in how viruses drive the cellular changes that underpin their control of cellular function. We review the melatonergic pathway role in viral infections, emphasizing influenza and covid...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Anderson G,Reiter RJ

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the causative agents of hepatocellular carcinoma. The molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis are complex. One of the host factors involved is apparently the long-lasting inflammatory reaction which accompanies chronic HBV infection. Although HBV lacks a typical viral oncogene, the HBx ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Niller HH,Ay E,Banati F,Demcsák A,Takacs M,Minarovits J

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the same way as other viral functions, the transcription of viral genes is frequently controlled by cellular regulatory proteins either acting alone or together with virally encoded factors. In this review, I discuss three examples of such regulation in different types of DNA viruses by different members of the POU...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Latchman DS

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The orf virus (ORFV) is a zoonotic, epitheliotropic, DNA parapoxvirus that infects principally sheep and goats. Exposure of animals to the virus or immunization by an ORFV preparation can accentuate the severity of disease, which has provoked an interest in the underlying cellular, virological, and molecular mechanism...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Wang R,Wang Y,Liu F,Luo S

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) caused by the mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) swept into international prominence from late 2005 as an epidemic of CHIKF spread around countries surrounding the Indian Ocean. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the pathobiology of CHIKF, numerous quest...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Smith DR

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of acyclovir (ACV), a nucleoside analogue, more than 30 years ago, represents a milestone in the management of HSV and VZV infections. The modest activity of ACV against CMV prompted the development of another nucleoside analogue, ganciclovir, for the management of systemic and organ-specific CMV disease...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Piret J,Boivin G

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human herpesvirus 7, reported in 1990 is a lymphotropic member of the betaherpesvirus subfamily of herpesviruses. The virus is highly seroprevalent, primary infection usually occurs during childhood, and it has been associated with cases of exanthem subitum, pityriasis rosea, neurological manifestations and transplant...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Black JB,Pellett PE

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections with the beta-herpesviruses human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) are ubiquitous in childhood. The immunosuppression secondary to organ or bone marrow transplantation together with posttransplantation management may favour viral replication and reactivation. HHV-6 and -7 induce immunos...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Dockrell DH,Paya CV

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are efficient carriers of genetic material between cells. They specifically recognise a target cell and utilise host functions for genome delivery to the replication site. A mature viral capsid emerging from an infected cell serves at least three distinct functions. It enables virus egress from the infected ce...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Greber UF

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophages or phages, being the most abundant entities on earth, represent a potential solution to a diverse range of problems. Phages are successful antibacterial agents whose use in therapeutics was hindered by the discovery of antibiotics. Eventually, because of the development and spread of antibiotic resistan...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Rehman S,Ali Z,Khan M,Bostan N,Naseem S

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a wealth of data supporting the use of viral load measurements to monitor therapy. Indeed, clinical drug trial endpoints routinely include the proportion of patients with a plasma viral load reduction of greater than 0.5 log(10), or greater than 1 log(10). Since a higher viral load reflects increased amounts ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Pillay D

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral binding and entry into host cells for various viruses have been studied extensively, yielding a detailed understanding of the overall viral entry process. As cell entry is an essential and requisite process by which a virus initiates infection, it is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The advanta...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Kumar PKR

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00