Viral infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome.

abstract：:The common mucosal immune system (CMIS) consists of an integrated cross-communication pathway of lymphoid tissues made up of inductive and effector sites for host protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Major effector molecules of the CMIS include IgA antibodies and cytokines, chemokines and their corresponding ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Iijima H,Takahashi I,Kiyono H

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide and an emerging cause of chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. As with viral infections in general, immune responses are critical to determine the outcome of HEV infection. Accumulating studies in cell culture, animal models and...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Hakim MS,Ikram A,Zhou J,Wang W,Peppelenbosch MP,Pan Q

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternofetal transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital malformation in developed countries. Maternal infection often results from close contact with infected children, and this may occur in day care centres (DCCs). A systematic review of observational studies was conducted...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Zheng QY,Huynh KT,van Zuylen WJ,Craig ME,Rawlinson WD

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood-borne viruses, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and the facultative blood-borne hepatitis E virus, are considered a major public health problem given that they are accountable for millions of deaths each year. Treatment options, including effective vaccine design, devel...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Pfaender S,von Hahn T,Steinmann J,Ciesek S,Steinmann E

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The conventional diagnosis of dengue virus infections includes the detection of the virus in serum or tissue samples, both by isolation in culture or through detection of specific viral molecules (genome RNA or dengue antigens) and detection of specific anti-dengue antibodies (serology). Isolation of dengue virus prov...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Teles FR,Prazeres DM,Lima-Filho JL

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The orf virus (ORFV) is a zoonotic, epitheliotropic, DNA parapoxvirus that infects principally sheep and goats. Exposure of animals to the virus or immunization by an ORFV preparation can accentuate the severity of disease, which has provoked an interest in the underlying cellular, virological, and molecular mechanism...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Wang R,Wang Y,Liu F,Luo S

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections with the beta-herpesviruses human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) are ubiquitous in childhood. The immunosuppression secondary to organ or bone marrow transplantation together with posttransplantation management may favour viral replication and reactivation. HHV-6 and -7 induce immunos...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Dockrell DH,Paya CV

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Novel therapeutic options are urgently needed to improve the global treatment of viral infections. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are involved in various biological and cellular functions including differentiation, development, proliferation, oncogenesis, innate immunity, and viral autophagy. Various TRIM pro...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Khan R,Khan A,Ali A,Idrees M

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is among the most common human pathogens worldwide. Its entry into host cells is an intricate process that relies heavily on the ability of the viral glycoproteins to bind host cellular proteins and to efficiently mediate fusion of the virus envelope with the cell membrane. Acquisit...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Antoine TE,Park PJ,Shukla D

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasion of infectious agents through mucosal surfaces can be prevented by use of the common mucosal immune system (CMIS), which interconnects inductive tissues, including Peyer's patches (PPs) and nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue (NALT), and effector tissues of the intestinal and respiratory tracts. I...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Yuki Y,Kiyono H

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory infections, especially those of the lower respiratory tract, remain a foremost cause of mortality and morbidity of children greater than 5 years in developing countries including Pakistan. Ignoring these acute-level infections may lead to complications. Particularly in Pakistan, respiratory infections acco...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Naz R,Gul A,Javed U,Urooj A,Amin S,Fatima Z

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are currently available for treatment of HIV-1 as part of combination antiretroviral therapy. Oral dosing is administered three times daily for delavirdine (DLV), twice daily for nevirapine (NVP), and once daily for efavirenz (EFV). Rash is a common side e...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Harris M,Montaner JS

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION:FN performed the literature review and wrote the manuscript; STZ coauthored, edited, and reviewed the manuscript. ABSTRACT:Treatment response in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has generated varied effects in patients. Recently, nonresponsive and relapse patients related to host and genotype variabilities ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fadl N,Salem TZ

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until 2006, BKPyV and JCPyV were the only known human polyomaviruses. A third polyomavirus, simian virus 40 whose natural host is the macaque was accidently introduced into man because of contaminated poliovirus vaccines, although there is epidemiological evidence that SV40 may be transmitted between man independently...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Moens U,Van Ghelue M,Song X,Ehlers B

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Positive-stranded RNA viruses, like many other viruses, have evolved to exploit the host cellular machinery to their own advantage. In eukaryotic cells, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that serves as the major intracellular pathway for protein degradation and modification plays a crucial role in the regulation o...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Choi AG,Wong J,Marchant D,Luo H

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amongst the 60 viral species reported to be associated with bats, 59 are RNA viruses, which are potentially important in the generation of emerging and re-emerging infections in humans. The prime examples of these are the lyssaviruses and Henipavirus. The transmission of Nipah, Hendra and perhaps SARS coronavirus and ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Wong S,Lau S,Woo P,Yuen KY

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two γ-herpesviruses identified in humans and are strongly associated with the development of malignancies. Murine γ-herpesvirus (MHV-68) is a naturally occurring rodent pathogen, representing a unique experimental model for dissecting γ-he...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Hu Z,Usherwood EJ

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The alarming rise of morbidity and mortality caused by influenza pandemics and epidemics has drawn attention worldwide since the last few decades. This life-threatening problem necessitates the development of a safe and effective vaccine to protect against incoming pandemics. The currently available flu vaccines rely ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Keshavarz M,Mirzaei H,Salemi M,Momeni F,Mousavi MJ,Sadeghalvad M,Arjeini Y,Solaymani-Mohammadi F,Sadri Nahand J,Namdari H,Mokhtari-Azad T,Rezaei F

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a wealth of data supporting the use of viral load measurements to monitor therapy. Indeed, clinical drug trial endpoints routinely include the proportion of patients with a plasma viral load reduction of greater than 0.5 log(10), or greater than 1 log(10). Since a higher viral load reflects increased amounts ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Pillay D

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of advanced cell culture and cytogenetics techniques in the 1950s opened a new avenue for research on the pathogenic interactions between animal viruses and their hosts. Studies of many viruses revealed their ability to nonspecifically induce cytogenetic damage to their host cell's chromosomes. However, onl...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fortunato EA,Spector DH

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the causative agents of hepatocellular carcinoma. The molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis are complex. One of the host factors involved is apparently the long-lasting inflammatory reaction which accompanies chronic HBV infection. Although HBV lacks a typical viral oncogene, the HBx ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Niller HH,Ay E,Banati F,Demcsák A,Takacs M,Minarovits J

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The viruses able to affect the eye are taxonomically diverse, ranging from double-stranded DNA viruses, to single stranded RNA viruses, to retroviruses. Any part of the eye may be affected, frequently producing blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, cataract and retinitis. The more common ocular viral infect...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Newman H,Gooding C

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite broad variability in study populations, methodologies for CMV detection, and analytic methods used, multiple studies have documented frequent CMV infection in non-immunocompromised adults with critical illness due to a variety of causes. Higher rates of CMV infection in studies of seropositive patients suggest...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Limaye AP,Boeckh M

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Remdesivir is an antiviral agent that has shown broad-spectrum activity, including against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical trials investigating the role of remdesivir in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) reported conflicting results. This study aimed to systematically review th...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Elsawah HK,Elsokary MA,Abdallah MS,ElShafie AH

更新日期：2020-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Arenaviruses, such as Lassa fever, establish chronic infections in rodents, leading to incidental transmission to humans. Lassa fever is a clinically severe disease, yet the absence of second attacks implies life-long immunity. The aim of this review is to consider whether such immunity could be provided by vaccines. ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Fisher-Hoch SP,McCormick JB

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mosquito-borne flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is the leading cause of virus-induced encephalitis globally and a major public health concern of several countries in Southeast Asia, with the potential to become a global pathogen. The virus is neurotropic, and the disease ranges from mild fever to sev...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Nain M,Abdin MZ,Kalia M,Vrati S

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are intracellular pathogens that have to usurp some of the cellular machineries to provide an optimal environment for their own replication. An increasing number of reports reveal that many viruses induce modifications of nuclear substructures including nucleoli, whether they replicate or not in the nucleus of...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Greco A

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type B coxsackieviruses (CV-B) frequently infect the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurological diseases notably meningitis and encephalitis. These infections occur principally among newborns and children. Epidemiological studies of patients with nervous system disorders demonstrate the presence of infectious v...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Jmii H,Fisson S,Aouni M,Jaidane H

更新日期：2020-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:TT virus (TTV) was found in 1997 from a hepatitis patient without virus markers. However, the real impact of TTV on liver diseases remains uncertain to date. Due to the lack of suitable cell systems to support the growth of TTV, the biology of TTV is still obscure. This review tries to summarise the current status of ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Hino S

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a major global public health issue. Although the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made significant progress in inhibiting HIV replication in patients, HIV-infected cells remain the princi...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Namdari H,Rezaei F,Teymoori-Rad M,Mortezagholi S,Sadeghi A,Akbari A

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00