Abstract:
:The mosquito-borne flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is the leading cause of virus-induced encephalitis globally and a major public health concern of several countries in Southeast Asia, with the potential to become a global pathogen. The virus is neurotropic, and the disease ranges from mild fever to severe hemorrhagic and encephalitic manifestations and death. The early steps of the virus life cycle, binding, and entry into the cell are crucial determinants of infection and are potential targets for the development of antiviral therapies. JEV can infect multiple cell types; however, the key receptor molecule(s) still remains elusive. JEV also has the capacity to utilize multiple endocytic pathways for entry into cells of different lineages. This review not only gives a comprehensive update on what is known about the virus attachment and receptor system (allies) and the endocytic pathways (alleys) exploited by the virus to gain entry into the cell and establish infection but also discusses crucial unresolved issues. We also highlight common themes and key differences between JEV and other flaviviruses in these contexts.
journal_name
Rev Med Viroljournal_title
Reviews in medical virologyauthors
Nain M,Abdin MZ,Kalia M,Vrati Sdoi
10.1002/rmv.1868subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
129-41issue
2eissn
1052-9276issn
1099-1654journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Nucleotide sequences from a total of 421 HEV isolates were retrieved from Genbank and analysed. Phylogenetically, HEV was classified into four major genotypes. Genotype 1 was more conserved and classified into five subtypes. The number of genotype 2 sequences was limited but can be classified into two subtypes. Genoty...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.482
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) or haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease caused by a dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. This T cell/NK cell dysregulation causes an aberrant cytokine release, resulting in proliferation/activation of histiocytes with subsequent haemophagocytosis. Histioc...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.638
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although epidemiological and molecular epidemiological (serotype, genotype, and lineage information) data are available for several major cities in Indonesia, there is yet to be a comprehensive national study of dengue in Indonesia over time. This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive epidemiology of circulat...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/rmv.2037
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNAs. Each viral RNA (vRNA) segment forms a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex together with NPs and a polymerase complex, which is a fundamental unit for transcription and replication of the viral genome. Although the exact structu...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.666
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The common mucosal immune system (CMIS) consists of an integrated cross-communication pathway of lymphoid tissues made up of inductive and effector sites for host protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Major effector molecules of the CMIS include IgA antibodies and cytokines, chemokines and their corresponding ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.307
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The serine/threonine kinase expressed by human cytomegalovirus from gene UL97 phosphorylates the antiviral drug ganciclovir, but its biological function is the phosphorylation of its natural viral and cellular protein substrates which affect viral replication at many levels. The UL97 kinase null phenotype is therefore...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.615
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternofetal transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital malformation in developed countries. Maternal infection often results from close contact with infected children, and this may occur in day care centres (DCCs). A systematic review of observational studies was conducted...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/rmv.2011
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::TT virus (TTV) was found in 1997 from a hepatitis patient without virus markers. However, the real impact of TTV on liver diseases remains uncertain to date. Due to the lack of suitable cell systems to support the growth of TTV, the biology of TTV is still obscure. This review tries to summarise the current status of ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.351
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alarming rise of morbidity and mortality caused by influenza pandemics and epidemics has drawn attention worldwide since the last few decades. This life-threatening problem necessitates the development of a safe and effective vaccine to protect against incoming pandemics. The currently available flu vaccines rely ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2014
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 and HIV-2 share many similarities including their basic gene arrangement, modes of transmission, intracellular replication pathways and clinical consequences: both result in AIDS. However, HIV-2 is characterised by lower transmissibility and reduced likelihood of progression to AIDS. The underlying mechanistic d...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1739
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, must use their hosts' metabolic machinery in order to replicate their genomes and form infectious progeny virions. What is less well known are the details of how viruses make sure that once all the necessary proteins are made, that they assume the cor...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.499
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remdesivir is an antiviral agent that has shown broad-spectrum activity, including against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical trials investigating the role of remdesivir in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) reported conflicting results. This study aimed to systematically review th...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2187
更新日期:2020-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Amongst the 60 viral species reported to be associated with bats, 59 are RNA viruses, which are potentially important in the generation of emerging and re-emerging infections in humans. The prime examples of these are the lyssaviruses and Henipavirus. The transmission of Nipah, Hendra and perhaps SARS coronavirus and ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.520
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The orf virus (ORFV) is a zoonotic, epitheliotropic, DNA parapoxvirus that infects principally sheep and goats. Exposure of animals to the virus or immunization by an ORFV preparation can accentuate the severity of disease, which has provoked an interest in the underlying cellular, virological, and molecular mechanism...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2013
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse is a model for the analysis of human thymopoiesis. It has been constructed by engrafting fragments of human fetal liver and thymus into the immunodeficient C.B-17 scid/scid (SCID) mouse. The resulting 'Thy/Liv' organ promotes long-term differentiation of human T cells. Given the apparently no...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(199709)7:3<157::aid-rmv197
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel human respiratory viral infection that has rapidly progressed into a pandemic, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Blood clotting disorders and acute respiratory failure have surfaced as the major complications among the severe cases ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/rmv.2177
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses are obligate parasites dependent on host cells for survival. Viral infection of a cell activates a panel of pattern recognition receptors that mediate antiviral host responses to inhibit viral replication and dissemination. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade and subvert this antiviral host response, incl...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1892
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of acyclovir (ACV), a nucleoside analogue, more than 30 years ago, represents a milestone in the management of HSV and VZV infections. The modest activity of ACV against CMV prompted the development of another nucleoside analogue, ganciclovir, for the management of systemic and organ-specific CMV disease...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1787
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of antiviral compounds were examined for their activity against human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), type 7 (HHV-7) and type 8 (HHV-8). They were selected either because they are already approved for clinical use in the treatment of herpesvirus infections (acyclovir, valaciclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, ganci...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.336
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue disease encompasses various clinical manifestations including dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). In this article, we aimed to systematically review and analyze the association between different blood groups and severity of dengue. We searched nine databases for eligible papers reporting preva...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2147
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type B coxsackieviruses (CV-B) frequently infect the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurological diseases notably meningitis and encephalitis. These infections occur principally among newborns and children. Epidemiological studies of patients with nervous system disorders demonstrate the presence of infectious v...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/rmv.2191
更新日期:2020-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Despite broad variability in study populations, methodologies for CMV detection, and analytic methods used, multiple studies have documented frequent CMV infection in non-immunocompromised adults with critical illness due to a variety of causes. Higher rates of CMV infection in studies of seropositive patients suggest...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.664
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood-borne viruses, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and the facultative blood-borne hepatitis E virus, are considered a major public health problem given that they are accountable for millions of deaths each year. Treatment options, including effective vaccine design, devel...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1890
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in the pediatric population worldwide. The immunopathology of RSV infection varies considerably and severe disease occurs only in a minority of the population. There are many factors (host, viral, and environmental) tha...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2026
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::BK polyomavirus (BKPyV or BKV) is a non-enveloped, circular double-stranded DNA virus that may exceed 80% seroprevalence in adults. BKV infection typically occurs during childhood, and the majority of adults are latently infected. While BKV infection is rarely associated with clinical disease in most individuals, in i...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2102
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination is the current strategy for control and prevention of severe rotavirus infections, a major cause of acute, dehydrating diarrhoea in young children worldwide. Public health interventions aimed at improving water, food and sanitation are unlikely adequately to control the disease. The development of vaccines...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.411
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral replication and spreading are fundamental events in the viral life cycle, accounting for the assembly and egression of nascent virions, events that are directly associated with viral pathogenesis in target hosts. These processes occur in cellular compartments that are modified by specialized viral proteins, caus...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1872
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are currently available for treatment of HIV-1 as part of combination antiretroviral therapy. Oral dosing is administered three times daily for delavirdine (DLV), twice daily for nevirapine (NVP), and once daily for efavirenz (EFV). Rash is a common side e...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/1099-1654(200007/08)10:4<217::aid-rmv279>3
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION:FN performed the literature review and wrote the manuscript; STZ coauthored, edited, and reviewed the manuscript. ABSTRACT:Treatment response in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has generated varied effects in patients. Recently, nonresponsive and relapse patients related to host and genotype variabilities ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2120
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two γ-herpesviruses identified in humans and are strongly associated with the development of malignancies. Murine γ-herpesvirus (MHV-68) is a naturally occurring rodent pathogen, representing a unique experimental model for dissecting γ-he...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1791
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00