Wild type HBx and truncated HBx: Pleiotropic regulators driving sequential genetic and epigenetic steps of hepatocarcinogenesis and progression of HBV-associated neoplasms.

abstract：:Blood-borne viruses, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and the facultative blood-borne hepatitis E virus, are considered a major public health problem given that they are accountable for millions of deaths each year. Treatment options, including effective vaccine design, devel...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Pfaender S,von Hahn T,Steinmann J,Ciesek S,Steinmann E

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The viruses able to affect the eye are taxonomically diverse, ranging from double-stranded DNA viruses, to single stranded RNA viruses, to retroviruses. Any part of the eye may be affected, frequently producing blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, cataract and retinitis. The more common ocular viral infect...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Newman H,Gooding C

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent isolation of West Nile virus from a bird in mid-winter in New York immediately raised, as one of a few explanations, the possibility of long-term persistence of arboviruses in vertebrate hosts. Although it was a highly popular topic for research many years ago, generally it has since been neglected and its ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Kuno G

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in the pediatric population worldwide. The immunopathology of RSV infection varies considerably and severe disease occurs only in a minority of the population. There are many factors (host, viral, and environmental) tha...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Tahamtan A,Askari FS,Bont L,Salimi V

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing appreciation that the regulation of the melatonergic pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect in how viruses drive the cellular changes that underpin their control of cellular function. We review the melatonergic pathway role in viral infections, emphasizing influenza and covid...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Anderson G,Reiter RJ

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until 2006, BKPyV and JCPyV were the only known human polyomaviruses. A third polyomavirus, simian virus 40 whose natural host is the macaque was accidently introduced into man because of contaminated poliovirus vaccines, although there is epidemiological evidence that SV40 may be transmitted between man independently...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Moens U,Van Ghelue M,Song X,Ehlers B

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type B coxsackieviruses (CV-B) frequently infect the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurological diseases notably meningitis and encephalitis. These infections occur principally among newborns and children. Epidemiological studies of patients with nervous system disorders demonstrate the presence of infectious v...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Jmii H,Fisson S,Aouni M,Jaidane H

更新日期：2020-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) genomic DNA contains at least 74 distinct genes. A set of 40 genes, termed the 'core genes', is commonly found in all herpesviruses; their products include four capsid proteins, six DNA replication proteins, seven DNA packaging/cleavage proteins, four envelope glycoproteins, as well as sever...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Nishiyama Y

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While outbreaks of foodborne disease remain an important public health concern, their aetiology is not identified in a majority of instances. In targeted studies, the application of newly developed molecular assays has demonstrated that a large proportion of these outbreaks may be caused by the "Norwalk-like viruses" ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Parashar UD,Monroe SS

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 and HIV-2 share many similarities including their basic gene arrangement, modes of transmission, intracellular replication pathways and clinical consequences: both result in AIDS. However, HIV-2 is characterised by lower transmissibility and reduced likelihood of progression to AIDS. The underlying mechanistic d...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Nyamweya S,Hegedus A,Jaye A,Rowland-Jones S,Flanagan KL,Macallan DC

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a devastating and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system for which effective therapies are lacking. It is caused by the replication of polyomavirus JC (JCV) in the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes leading to their cytolytic death and loss of m...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： White MK,Sariyer IK,Gordon J,Delbue S,Pietropaolo V,Berger JR,Khalili K

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the Herpesviridae family of viruses are classified into the alpha, beta and gamma subfamilies. The alpha subfamily is estimated to have diverged from the beta and gamma subfamilies 200-220 million years ago. The ancestors of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), two ubiquitous...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Mori I,Nishiyama Y

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, must use their hosts' metabolic machinery in order to replicate their genomes and form infectious progeny virions. What is less well known are the details of how viruses make sure that once all the necessary proteins are made, that they assume the cor...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Byrd CM,Hruby DE

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:BK polyomavirus (BKPyV or BKV) is a non-enveloped, circular double-stranded DNA virus that may exceed 80% seroprevalence in adults. BKV infection typically occurs during childhood, and the majority of adults are latently infected. While BKV infection is rarely associated with clinical disease in most individuals, in i...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Blackard JT,Davies SM,Laskin BL

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is among the most common human pathogens worldwide. Its entry into host cells is an intricate process that relies heavily on the ability of the viral glycoproteins to bind host cellular proteins and to efficiently mediate fusion of the virus envelope with the cell membrane. Acquisit...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Antoine TE,Park PJ,Shukla D

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophages or phages, being the most abundant entities on earth, represent a potential solution to a diverse range of problems. Phages are successful antibacterial agents whose use in therapeutics was hindered by the discovery of antibiotics. Eventually, because of the development and spread of antibiotic resistan...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Rehman S,Ali Z,Khan M,Bostan N,Naseem S

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are efficient carriers of genetic material between cells. They specifically recognise a target cell and utilise host functions for genome delivery to the replication site. A mature viral capsid emerging from an infected cell serves at least three distinct functions. It enables virus egress from the infected ce...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Greber UF

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteroviruses and humans have long co-existed. Although recognized in ancient times, poliomyelitis and type 1 diabetes (T1D) were exceptionally rare and not epidemic, due in large part to poor sanitation and personal hygiene which resulted in repeated exposure to fecal-oral transmitted viruses and other infectious age...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Drescher KM,von Herrath M,Tracy S

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a wealth of data supporting the use of viral load measurements to monitor therapy. Indeed, clinical drug trial endpoints routinely include the proportion of patients with a plasma viral load reduction of greater than 0.5 log(10), or greater than 1 log(10). Since a higher viral load reflects increased amounts ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Pillay D

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a major global public health issue. Although the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made significant progress in inhibiting HIV replication in patients, HIV-infected cells remain the princi...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Namdari H,Rezaei F,Teymoori-Rad M,Mortezagholi S,Sadeghi A,Akbari A

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two γ-herpesviruses identified in humans and are strongly associated with the development of malignancies. Murine γ-herpesvirus (MHV-68) is a naturally occurring rodent pathogen, representing a unique experimental model for dissecting γ-he...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Hu Z,Usherwood EJ

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue disease encompasses various clinical manifestations including dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). In this article, we aimed to systematically review and analyze the association between different blood groups and severity of dengue. We searched nine databases for eligible papers reporting preva...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Hashan MR,Ghozy S,El-Qushayri AE,Pial RH,Hossain MA,Al Kibria GM

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amongst the 60 viral species reported to be associated with bats, 59 are RNA viruses, which are potentially important in the generation of emerging and re-emerging infections in humans. The prime examples of these are the lyssaviruses and Henipavirus. The transmission of Nipah, Hendra and perhaps SARS coronavirus and ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Wong S,Lau S,Woo P,Yuen KY

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs based on amino acid sequence of Heptad Repeats of gp41 of HIV have been explored in search of anti-HIV drugs acting by inhibition of the gp41 6-helix formation and subsequent cellular infection. These are classified under a distinct discipline called HIV fusion inhibitors. Resistance to HIV fusion inhibitors and...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Qadir MI,Malik SA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The common mucosal immune system (CMIS) consists of an integrated cross-communication pathway of lymphoid tissues made up of inductive and effector sites for host protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Major effector molecules of the CMIS include IgA antibodies and cytokines, chemokines and their corresponding ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Iijima H,Takahashi I,Kiyono H

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The collection of nasopharyngeal swabs to test for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an invasive technique with implications for patients and clinicians. Alternative clinical specimens from the upper respiratory tract may offer benefits in terms of collection, comfort and ...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Comber L,Walsh KA,Jordan K,O'Brien KK,Clyne B,Teljeur C,Drummond L,Carty PG,De Gascun CF,Smith SM,Harrington P,Ryan M,O'Neill M

更新日期：2020-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are obligate parasites dependent on host cells for survival. Viral infection of a cell activates a panel of pattern recognition receptors that mediate antiviral host responses to inhibit viral replication and dissemination. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade and subvert this antiviral host response, incl...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： van Zuylen WJ,Rawlinson WD,Ford CE

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serine/threonine kinase expressed by human cytomegalovirus from gene UL97 phosphorylates the antiviral drug ganciclovir, but its biological function is the phosphorylation of its natural viral and cellular protein substrates which affect viral replication at many levels. The UL97 kinase null phenotype is therefore...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Prichard MN

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After the serendipitous discovery of HIV eradication in the "Berlin patient", interest has grown in curing HIV infection by replacing the patient's replication-competent blood cells with infection-resistant ones. At the same time, induced pluripotent stem cell technologies and genetic engineering have boosted cell the...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： Focosi D,Maggi F,Ceccherini-Nelli L,Pistello M

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of antiviral compounds were examined for their activity against human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), type 7 (HHV-7) and type 8 (HHV-8). They were selected either because they are already approved for clinical use in the treatment of herpesvirus infections (acyclovir, valaciclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, ganci...

journal_title：Reviews in medical virology

authors： De Clercq E,Naesens L,De Bolle L,Schols D,Zhang Y,Neyts J

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00