Abstract:
:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) genomic DNA contains at least 74 distinct genes. A set of 40 genes, termed the 'core genes', is commonly found in all herpesviruses; their products include four capsid proteins, six DNA replication proteins, seven DNA packaging/cleavage proteins, four envelope glycoproteins, as well as several others. Although approximately half of the HSV genes are not essential for replication in cell cultures, all accessory gene products are predicted to play indispensable roles for viral replication and dissemination in vivo. Intensive studies have been undertaken to elucidate the functions and roles of HSV gene products, and we are now able to address, at least partially, the biological aspects of all HSV encoded proteins. This article is a brief summary of our present knowledge of the functions and roles of HSV gene products with special attention focused on UL14, UL34, UL51, UL56 and US3, all of which are thought to be involved in HSV egress. Furthermore, efforts are discussed to generate replication-competent HSV lacking a single or multiple accessory gene(s) for potential use in gene therapy or as anti-cancer therapeutics. Finally, specific HSV gene products are being explored as therapeutic agents.
journal_name
Rev Med Viroljournal_title
Reviews in medical virologyauthors
Nishiyama Ydoi
10.1002/rmv.409keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
33-46issue
1eissn
1052-9276issn
1099-1654journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::TT virus (TTV) was found in 1997 from a hepatitis patient without virus markers. However, the real impact of TTV on liver diseases remains uncertain to date. Due to the lack of suitable cell systems to support the growth of TTV, the biology of TTV is still obscure. This review tries to summarise the current status of ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.351
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arenaviruses, such as Lassa fever, establish chronic infections in rodents, leading to incidental transmission to humans. Lassa fever is a clinically severe disease, yet the absence of second attacks implies life-long immunity. The aim of this review is to consider whether such immunity could be provided by vaccines. ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.329
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral binding and entry into host cells for various viruses have been studied extensively, yielding a detailed understanding of the overall viral entry process. As cell entry is an essential and requisite process by which a virus initiates infection, it is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The advanta...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1952
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel human respiratory viral infection that has rapidly progressed into a pandemic, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Blood clotting disorders and acute respiratory failure have surfaced as the major complications among the severe cases ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/rmv.2177
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::The recent isolation of West Nile virus from a bird in mid-winter in New York immediately raised, as one of a few explanations, the possibility of long-term persistence of arboviruses in vertebrate hosts. Although it was a highly popular topic for research many years ago, generally it has since been neglected and its ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.314
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternofetal transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital malformation in developed countries. Maternal infection often results from close contact with infected children, and this may occur in day care centres (DCCs). A systematic review of observational studies was conducted...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/rmv.2011
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination is the current strategy for control and prevention of severe rotavirus infections, a major cause of acute, dehydrating diarrhoea in young children worldwide. Public health interventions aimed at improving water, food and sanitation are unlikely adequately to control the disease. The development of vaccines...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.411
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The success of vaccination against measles in developed countries has significantly reduced the incidence of measles-related morbidity and mortality. However, measles is still the leading cause of mortality in children from underdeveloped countries due to low vaccination coverage, high transmissibility of the measles ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.430
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of advanced cell culture and cytogenetics techniques in the 1950s opened a new avenue for research on the pathogenic interactions between animal viruses and their hosts. Studies of many viruses revealed their ability to nonspecifically induce cytogenetic damage to their host cell's chromosomes. However, onl...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.368
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until 2006, BKPyV and JCPyV were the only known human polyomaviruses. A third polyomavirus, simian virus 40 whose natural host is the macaque was accidently introduced into man because of contaminated poliovirus vaccines, although there is epidemiological evidence that SV40 may be transmitted between man independently...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1747
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immense difficulty in primary control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection by adaptive immune responses has been a topic of exceptional importance. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) do play a central role in primary resolution of viremia, but their potency in vi...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.577
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adjuvants historically are considered to stimulate immune responses 'non-specifically'. Recently, a renewed understanding of the critical role of innate immunity in influencing the development of an adaptive immune response has led researchers to a better understanding of 'the adjuvant effect'. Although innate immune ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.445
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amongst the 60 viral species reported to be associated with bats, 59 are RNA viruses, which are potentially important in the generation of emerging and re-emerging infections in humans. The prime examples of these are the lyssaviruses and Henipavirus. The transmission of Nipah, Hendra and perhaps SARS coronavirus and ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.520
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus with a 7.2 kb genome that is capped and polyadenylated. The virus is currently unclassified: the organisation of the genome resembles that of the Caliciviridae but sequence analyses suggest it is more closely related to the Togaviridae. Hepatitis E virus is an e...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.384
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of antiviral compounds were examined for their activity against human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), type 7 (HHV-7) and type 8 (HHV-8). They were selected either because they are already approved for clinical use in the treatment of herpesvirus infections (acyclovir, valaciclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, ganci...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.336
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remdesivir is an antiviral agent that has shown broad-spectrum activity, including against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical trials investigating the role of remdesivir in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) reported conflicting results. This study aimed to systematically review th...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2187
更新日期:2020-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a major global public health issue. Although the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made significant progress in inhibiting HIV replication in patients, HIV-infected cells remain the princi...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2139
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of all the nutrients, vitamin A has been the most extensively evaluated for its impact on immunity. There are three main forms of vitamin A, retinol, retinal and retinoic acid (RA) with the latter being most biologically active and all-trans-RA (ATRA) its main derivative. Vitamin A is a key regulator of the functions ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2204
更新日期:2020-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two γ-herpesviruses identified in humans and are strongly associated with the development of malignancies. Murine γ-herpesvirus (MHV-68) is a naturally occurring rodent pathogen, representing a unique experimental model for dissecting γ-he...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1791
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses are intracellular pathogens that have to usurp some of the cellular machineries to provide an optimal environment for their own replication. An increasing number of reports reveal that many viruses induce modifications of nuclear substructures including nucleoli, whether they replicate or not in the nucleus of...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.614
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of acyclovir (ACV), a nucleoside analogue, more than 30 years ago, represents a milestone in the management of HSV and VZV infections. The modest activity of ACV against CMV prompted the development of another nucleoside analogue, ganciclovir, for the management of systemic and organ-specific CMV disease...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1787
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enteroviruses and humans have long co-existed. Although recognized in ancient times, poliomyelitis and type 1 diabetes (T1D) were exceptionally rare and not epidemic, due in large part to poor sanitation and personal hygiene which resulted in repeated exposure to fecal-oral transmitted viruses and other infectious age...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1815
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel therapeutic options are urgently needed to improve the global treatment of viral infections. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are involved in various biological and cellular functions including differentiation, development, proliferation, oncogenesis, innate immunity, and viral autophagy. Various TRIM pro...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2028
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the serendipitous discovery of HIV eradication in the "Berlin patient", interest has grown in curing HIV infection by replacing the patient's replication-competent blood cells with infection-resistant ones. At the same time, induced pluripotent stem cell technologies and genetic engineering have boosted cell the...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1831
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human herpesvirus 7, reported in 1990 is a lymphotropic member of the betaherpesvirus subfamily of herpesviruses. The virus is highly seroprevalent, primary infection usually occurs during childhood, and it has been associated with cases of exanthem subitum, pityriasis rosea, neurological manifestations and transplant...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(199910/12)9:4<245::aid-rmv
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses are efficient carriers of genetic material between cells. They specifically recognise a target cell and utilise host functions for genome delivery to the replication site. A mature viral capsid emerging from an infected cell serves at least three distinct functions. It enables virus egress from the infected ce...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(1998100)8:4<213::aid-rmv22
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The orf virus (ORFV) is a zoonotic, epitheliotropic, DNA parapoxvirus that infects principally sheep and goats. Exposure of animals to the virus or immunization by an ORFV preparation can accentuate the severity of disease, which has provoked an interest in the underlying cellular, virological, and molecular mechanism...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2013
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophages or phages, being the most abundant entities on earth, represent a potential solution to a diverse range of problems. Phages are successful antibacterial agents whose use in therapeutics was hindered by the discovery of antibiotics. Eventually, because of the development and spread of antibiotic resistan...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2041
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infections with the beta-herpesviruses human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) are ubiquitous in childhood. The immunosuppression secondary to organ or bone marrow transplantation together with posttransplantation management may favour viral replication and reactivation. HHV-6 and -7 induce immunos...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.299
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) caused by the mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) swept into international prominence from late 2005 as an epidemic of CHIKF spread around countries surrounding the Indian Ocean. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the pathobiology of CHIKF, numerous quest...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1802
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00