Abstract:
:While outbreaks of foodborne disease remain an important public health concern, their aetiology is not identified in a majority of instances. In targeted studies, the application of newly developed molecular assays has demonstrated that a large proportion of these outbreaks may be caused by the "Norwalk-like viruses" (NLV), a genus of genetically related viruses belonging to the family Caliciviridae. NLV outbreaks associated with consumption of faecally contaminated oysters are frequently reported and can best be controlled by preventing contamination of oyster-harvesting waters. Infectious foodhandlers are another frequent source of contamination, and such transmission can be minimised by exclusion of ill foodhandlers and the maintenance of strict personal hygiene. Molecular assays have greatly refined the epidemiological investigation of foodborne NLV outbreaks, allowing the linking of outbreaks in different locations and permitting the identification of the virus in the implicated vehicle. The development of simpler and more sensitive assays and their use on a broader scale will assist in defining the true burden of foodborne NLV outbreaks and improve strategies for their prevention and control.
journal_name
Rev Med Viroljournal_title
Reviews in medical virologyauthors
Parashar UD,Monroe SSdoi
10.1002/rmv.321keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-07-01 00:00:00pages
243-52issue
4eissn
1052-9276issn
1099-1654pii
10.1002/rmv.321journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Herpes simplex virus (HSV) genomic DNA contains at least 74 distinct genes. A set of 40 genes, termed the 'core genes', is commonly found in all herpesviruses; their products include four capsid proteins, six DNA replication proteins, seven DNA packaging/cleavage proteins, four envelope glycoproteins, as well as sever...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
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doi:10.1002/rmv.409
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Failure of antiretroviral therapy to eradicate HIV, even in individuals who suppress the virus to undetectable levels, is a consequence of persistent infection in latently infected cells and within anatomical reservoirs. Support for the notion that the lungs are distinct anatomical reservoirs of HIV comes from a spect...
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doi:10.1002/rmv.1772
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abstract::The immense difficulty in primary control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection by adaptive immune responses has been a topic of exceptional importance. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) do play a central role in primary resolution of viremia, but their potency in vi...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.577
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1815
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1747
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a wealth of data supporting the use of viral load measurements to monitor therapy. Indeed, clinical drug trial endpoints routinely include the proportion of patients with a plasma viral load reduction of greater than 0.5 log(10), or greater than 1 log(10). Since a higher viral load reflects increased amounts ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2187
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/1099-1654(200007/08)10:4<217::aid-rmv279>3
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.454
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses are obligate parasites dependent on host cells for survival. Viral infection of a cell activates a panel of pattern recognition receptors that mediate antiviral host responses to inhibit viral replication and dissemination. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade and subvert this antiviral host response, incl...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1892
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in the pediatric population worldwide. The immunopathology of RSV infection varies considerably and severe disease occurs only in a minority of the population. There are many factors (host, viral, and environmental) tha...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2026
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) caused by the mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) swept into international prominence from late 2005 as an epidemic of CHIKF spread around countries surrounding the Indian Ocean. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the pathobiology of CHIKF, numerous quest...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1802
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent isolation of West Nile virus from a bird in mid-winter in New York immediately raised, as one of a few explanations, the possibility of long-term persistence of arboviruses in vertebrate hosts. Although it was a highly popular topic for research many years ago, generally it has since been neglected and its ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.314
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::TT virus (TTV) was found in 1997 from a hepatitis patient without virus markers. However, the real impact of TTV on liver diseases remains uncertain to date. Due to the lack of suitable cell systems to support the growth of TTV, the biology of TTV is still obscure. This review tries to summarise the current status of ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.351
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophages or phages, being the most abundant entities on earth, represent a potential solution to a diverse range of problems. Phages are successful antibacterial agents whose use in therapeutics was hindered by the discovery of antibiotics. Eventually, because of the development and spread of antibiotic resistan...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2041
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2109
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amongst the 60 viral species reported to be associated with bats, 59 are RNA viruses, which are potentially important in the generation of emerging and re-emerging infections in humans. The prime examples of these are the lyssaviruses and Henipavirus. The transmission of Nipah, Hendra and perhaps SARS coronavirus and ...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.520
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1890
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.411
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.430
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of antiviral compounds were examined for their activity against human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), type 7 (HHV-7) and type 8 (HHV-8). They were selected either because they are already approved for clinical use in the treatment of herpesvirus infections (acyclovir, valaciclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, ganci...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.336
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/rmv.2191
更新日期:2020-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Positive-stranded RNA viruses, like many other viruses, have evolved to exploit the host cellular machinery to their own advantage. In eukaryotic cells, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that serves as the major intracellular pathway for protein degradation and modification plays a crucial role in the regulation o...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.1725
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel therapeutic options are urgently needed to improve the global treatment of viral infections. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are involved in various biological and cellular functions including differentiation, development, proliferation, oncogenesis, innate immunity, and viral autophagy. Various TRIM pro...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2028
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory infections, especially those of the lower respiratory tract, remain a foremost cause of mortality and morbidity of children greater than 5 years in developing countries including Pakistan. Ignoring these acute-level infections may lead to complications. Particularly in Pakistan, respiratory infections acco...
journal_title:Reviews in medical virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/rmv.2024
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The collection of nasopharyngeal swabs to test for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an invasive technique with implications for patients and clinicians. Alternative clinical specimens from the upper respiratory tract may offer benefits in terms of collection, comfort and ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/rmv.2185
更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00