Abstract：
:This study describes surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIV) in the Minto Flats State Game Refuge, high-density waterfowl breeding grounds in Alaska. Five hundred paired cloacal samples from dabbling ducks (Northern Pintail, Mallard, Green Wing Teal, and Widgeon) were placed into ethanol and viral transport medium (VTM). Additional ethanol-preserved samples were taken. Of the ethanol-preserved samples, 25.6% were AIV RNA-positive by real-time RT-PCR. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were determined for 38 of the first-passage isolates, and four first-passage isolates could not be definitively subtyped. Five influenza A virus HA-NA combinations were identified: H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H8N4, and H12N5. Differences in the prevalence of AIV infections by sex and by age classes of Northern Pintail and Mallard ducks were detected, but the significance of these differences is undefined. In the 500 paired samples, molecular screening detected positive birds at a higher rate than viral isolation (chi(2) = 8.35, p = 0.0035, df = 1); however, 20 AIV isolates were recovered from PCR-negative ducks. Further research is warranted to compare the two screening protocols' potential for estimating true prevalence in wild birds. Our success during 2005 indicates Minto Flats will be a valuable study site for a longitudinal research project designed to gain further insight into the natural history, evolution, and ecology of AIV in wild birds.
journal_name
Arch Viroljournal_title
Archives of virologyauthors
Runstadler JA,Happ GM,Slemons RD,Sheng ZM,Gundlach N,Petrula M,Senne D,Nolting J,Evers DL,Modrell A,Huson H,Hills S,Rothe T,Marr T,Taubenberger JKdoi
10.1007/s00705-007-0994-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
1901-10issue
10eissn
0304-8608issn
1432-8798journal_volume
152pub_type
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