Abstract：
:The deaths of neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells have been described in patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) dementia. HIV-1 does not infect neurons; instead, neurotoxic substances shed by infected glia and macrophages can induce a form of programmed cell death called apoptosis in neurons. These neurotoxins include the HIV-1 proteins Tat and gp120, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, excitotoxins and proteases. In this article we review the evidence for apoptosis of various cell types within the brain of HIV-infected patients, and describe in vitro and in vivo experimental studies that have elucidated the mechanisms by which HIV causes apoptosis of brain cells.
journal_name
Neurotox Resjournal_title
Neurotoxicity researchauthors
Li W,Galey D,Mattson MP,Nath Adoi
10.1007/BF03033824keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-10-01 00:00:00pages
119-34issue
1-2eissn
1029-8428issn
1476-3524journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Hyperfunction of brain dopamine (DA) systems is associated with psychosis in schizophrenia and the medications used to treat schizophrenia are DA receptor blockers. DA also plays a critical role in incentive learning produced by rewarding stimuli. Using DA as the link, these results suggest that psychosis in schizophr...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF03033357
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria are the major site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in mammalian cells. Moreover, mitochondria produce most of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nucleated cells. Redox and bioenergetic abnormalities have been seen in mitochondria during the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases....
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-019-00044-8
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prenatal glucocorticoid (GC) overexposure impacts fetal hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) and increases the risk for relative cognitive and mood disorders in offspring. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we treated mouse hippocampal NSCs with dexamethasone (DEX) in vitro and found that...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-020-00294-x
更新日期：2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Edaravone is a novel free radical scavenger that is clinically employed in patients with acute cerebral infarction, but has not previously been used to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we investigated the effect of edaravone administration on rat TBI. In particular, we used immunohistochemistry to mo...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9081-6
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autism was recently associated with a urinary porphyrin pattern indicative of mercury toxicity in a large cohort of French children. The IRB of the Institute for Chronic Illnesses approved the present study. A total of 37 consecutive American patients (> or = 7 years-old) with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) (Diagnos...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033334
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maillard reactions have been explored by food chemists for many years. It is only recently that the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the end products of the Maillard reaction, have been detected in a wide variety of diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cataractogenesis, Parkinson disease and Alzheimer di...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/1029840290007321
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organophosphates (OPs) inhibit cholinesterase and hyperactivate the acetylcholinergic nervous system in the brain, causing motor disorders (e.g., tremor and seizures). Here, we performed behavioral and immunohistochemical studies in mice and rats to investigate the tremorgenic mechanism of paraoxon, an active metaboli...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-019-0007-7
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present for discussion a possible molecular mechanism explaining the formation of reactive oxygen species involved in the neurodegenerative process of dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease. This new hypothesis involves one-electron reduction of aminochrome to o-semiquinone radical, which seems to be the reacti...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033188
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanol is a neuroteratogen and neurodegeneration is the most devastating consequence of developmental exposure to ethanol. A sublethal preconditioning has been proposed as a neuroprotective strategy against several central nervous system neurodegenerative diseases. We have recently demonstrated that autophagy is a pr...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-013-9390-7
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays an important role in neural progenitor cell (NPC) propagation and dopaminergic differentiation. In the presence of oxygen and iron, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) is rapidly degraded via the prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)/VHL pathway. In addition to hypoxia, various no...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9043-z
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), produces motor dysfunction and striatal atrophy in rats. However, rat strain and method of administration may contribute to variability in the deficits caused by 3-NP toxicity. To evaluate this, changes in nocturnal spontaneous locomotor activity from chronic admi...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033979
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracerebral or intraperitoneal injections of brain extracts from the Alzheimer's disease patients result in the acceleration of cerebral β-amyloidosis in transgenic mice. Earlier, we have found that intravenous injections of synthetic full-length amyloid-β (Aβ) comprising the isomerized Asp7 trigger cerebral β-amylo...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-016-9603-y
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-level occupational exposure to volatile organic solvents may elicit neurotoxic effects, especially on central and peripheral structures involved in balance ability. Studies on balance control in relation with exposure levels close to the threshold limit values are scarce. This study aimed to assess the neurotoxic...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9018-0
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disorder characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue along with long-lasting and debilitating fatigue, myalgia, cognitive impairment, and many other common symptoms. The present study was conducted to explore the protective effect of hemin on CFS in experimental mice. Male alb...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-020-00231-y
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study shows that intranigral injection of dicoumarol, a DT-diaphorase inhibitor, potentiates the neurotoxic effect of salsolinol (salsolinol 1.25 nmoles plus dicoumarol 2 nmoles; in 2 microl). Rats treated with dicoumarol plus salsolinol presented a characteristic contralateral rotational behaviour when th...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033183
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury is a toxic metal shown to have harmful effects on human health. Several studies have reported high blood mercury concentrations as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), while other studies have reported no such association. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between blood m...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-012-9321-z
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GSK3beta is prominent for its role in apoptosis signaling and has been shown to be involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. The overall effects of GSK3beta activity on cell fate are well-established, but the effects of mitochondrial GSK3beta activity on mitochondrial function and cell fate are unknown. Here ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033861
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although a requirement of zinc (Zn) for normal brain development is well documented, the extent to which Zn can modulate neuronal proliferation and apoptosis is not clear. Thus, we investigated the role of Zn in the regulation of these two critical events. A low Zn availability leads to decreased cell viability in hum...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9067-4
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using positron emission tomography (PET), a profound alteration of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) was found in human smoking addiction and abstinence. As human PET data either reflect the impact of chronic nicotine exposure or a pre-existing vulnerability to nicotine addiction, we designed a preclinica...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-019-00055-5
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression is common in patients with schizophrenia and it is well established from family studies that rates of depression are increased among relatives of probands with schizophrenia, making it likely that the phenotypes described under the categories of affective and non-affective psychoses share some genetic risk ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03033484
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies investigated the prognostic role of copeptin in stroke. The aim of this study is to assess copeptin levels in serum, and investigate their associations with risk of recurrent stroke in a 1-year follow-up study in patients with ischemic stroke. In this post hoc analysis, serum levels of copeptin and NIH...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-017-9754-5
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-motor symptoms are increasingly identified to present clinical and diagnostic importance for Parkinson's disease (PD). The multifactorial origin of pain in PD makes this symptom of great complexity. The dopamine precursor, L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), the classic therapy for PD, seems to be effective in ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-018-9896-0
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic alcohol consumption may cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Alcohol neurotoxicity is associated with the production of acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species that induce oxidative DNA damage. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ethanol disturbs the DNA damage response (DDR), resu...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-015-9554-8
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present studies was to evaluate cocaine-induced changes in the concentrations of different redox forms of cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy), and products of anaerobic Cys metabolism, i.e., labile, reduced sulfur (LS) in the rat plasma. The above-mentioned parameters were determined after i.p. acute ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-013-9403-6
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in regulation of normal cell metabolism as second messengers. Under extreme conditions, these molecules induce oxidative stress, which may stimulate (or accompany) a number of neurodegenerative processes. In the glutamatergic system...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF03033454
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with increased brain levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, which readily self-aggregate into fibrils and oligomers that have particularly deleterious properties toward synapses of excitatory glutamatergic neurons. Here, we examined the neuroprotective effects of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,-te...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-013-9440-1
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epileptic seizures in diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) are not uncommon. This study aimed to determine the acute behavioral, pathological, and electrophysiological effects of status epilepticus (SE) on diabetic animals. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were first divided into groups with and without streptozotocin (STZ)-indu...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9008-2
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been shown that a decreased vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) function and the disruption of dopamine (DA) storage is an early contributor to oxidative damage of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). In our previous study, we demonstrated that adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists suppressed oxidat...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-012-9316-9
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant that damages nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminals, primarily by enhancing dopamine and glutamate release. α₁-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtype involved in METH-induced neurotoxicity in rats was investigated using selective α₁-AR antagonists. METH neurotoxicity was evaluated b...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12640-012-9369-9
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Local anesthetics effectively block and relieve pain, but with a relatively short duration of action, limiting its analgesic effectiveness. Therefore, a long-acting local anesthetic would improve the management of pain, but no such agent is yet available for clinical use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the poten...
journal_title：Neurotoxicity research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s12640-009-9092-3
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
