Abstract:
:Hyperfunction of brain dopamine (DA) systems is associated with psychosis in schizophrenia and the medications used to treat schizophrenia are DA receptor blockers. DA also plays a critical role in incentive learning produced by rewarding stimuli. Using DA as the link, these results suggest that psychosis in schizophrenia can be understood from the point of view of excessive incentive learning. Incentive learning is mediated through the non-declarative memory system and may rely on the striatum or medial prefrontal cortex depending on the task. Typical and atypical antipsychotics differentially affect expression of the immediate early gene c-fos, producing greater activity in the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex, respectively. This led to the hypothesis that performance of schizophrenic patients on tasks that depend on the striatum or medial prefrontal cortex will be differentially affected by their antipsychotic medication. Results from a number of published papers supported this dissociation. Furthermore, the effects of two atypical drugs, clozapine and olanzapine, on c-fos expression were different from another atypical, risperidone that resembles the typical antipsychotics. Similarly, in tests of incentive learning, risperidone acted like the typical antipsychotics. Thus, typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs differed in the types of cognitive performance they affected and, furthermore, members of the atypical class differed in their effects on cognition. It remains the task of researchers and clinicians to sort out the symptoms associated with the endogenous illness from possible iatrogenic symptoms resulting from the antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia.
journal_name
Neurotox Resjournal_title
Neurotoxicity researchauthors
Beninger RJdoi
10.1007/BF03033357subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-12-01 00:00:00pages
199-209issue
3-4eissn
1029-8428issn
1476-3524journal_volume
10pub_type
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journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
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更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1007/s12640-014-9495-7
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Neurotoxicity research
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更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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