Abstract:
:The Earth's equatorial stratosphere shows oscillations in which the east-west winds reverse direction and the temperatures change cyclically with a period of about two years. This phenomenon, called the quasi-biennial oscillation, also affects the dynamics of the mid- and high-latitude stratosphere and weather in the lower atmosphere. Ground-based observations have suggested that similar temperature oscillations (with a 4-5-yr cycle) occur on Jupiter, but these data suffer from poor vertical resolution and Jupiter's stratospheric wind velocities have not yet been determined. Here we report maps of temperatures and winds with high spatial resolution, obtained from spacecraft measurements of infrared spectra of Jupiter's stratosphere. We find an intense, high-altitude equatorial jet with a speed of approximately 140 m s(-1), whose spatial structure resembles that of a quasi-quadrennial oscillation. Wave activity in the stratosphere also appears analogous to that occurring on Earth. A strong interaction between Jupiter and its plasma environment produces hot spots in its upper atmosphere and stratosphere near its poles, and the temperature maps define the penetration of the hot spots into the stratosphere.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Flasar FM,Kunde VG,Achterberg RK,Conrath BJ,Simon-Miller AA,Nixon CA,Gierasch PJ,Romani PN,Bézard B,Irwin P,Bjoraker GL,Brasunas JC,Jennings DE,Pearl JC,Smith MD,Orton GS,Spilker LJ,Carlson R,Calcutt SB,Read PL,Tadoi
10.1038/nature02142keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-08 00:00:00pages
132-5issue
6970eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature02142journal_volume
427pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Therapeutic antibodies that block the programmed death-1 (PD-1)-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can induce robust and durable responses in patients with various cancers, including metastatic urothelial cancer. However, these responses only occur in a subset of patients. Elucidating the determinants of respon...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature25501
更新日期:2018-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Despite considerable global investment, only 60% of people who live with HIV currently receive antiretroviral therapy. The sustainability of current programmes remains unknown and key incidence rates are declining only modestly. Given the complexities and expenses associated with lifelong medication, developing an eff...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1841-8
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) requires high levels of hedgehog (HH) signalling through the transcription factor GLI. Although inhibitors of membrane protein smoothened (SMO) effectively suppress HH signalling, early tumour resistance illustrates the need for additional downstream targets for therapy. Here we ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11889
更新日期:2013-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Interfacing a single photon with another quantum system is a key capability in modern quantum information science. It allows quantum states of matter, such as spin states of atoms, atomic ensembles or solids, to be prepared and manipulated by photon counting and, in particular, to be distributed over long distances. S...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature16536
更新日期:2016-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Splicing of the Tetrahymena ribosomal intron was first studied by Cech et al., who subsequently demonstrated that the intron RNA catalyses its own excision from a primary transcript to yield mature ribosomal RNA. This intron shares several short conserved sequences and a common secondary structure with several other i...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/322083a0
更新日期:1986-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::The origin and growth of magnetic fields in galaxies is still something of an enigma. It is generally assumed that seed fields are amplified over time through the dynamo effect, but there are few constraints on the timescale. It was recently demonstrated that field strengths as traced by rotation measures of distant (...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07105
更新日期:2008-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::In this Letter, a citation to 'Fig. 1e' has been corrected to 'Fig. 1d' in the sentence starting "By contrast, the anti-tumour response…". This has been corrected online. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1046-1
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During wild-type development, a protein product of the Caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic gene lin-14 is localized to nuclei of specific somatic cells in embryos and early larvae, but is absent in late larvae and adult soma. Gain-of-function lin-14 mutations cause the level of lin-14 protein to remain high throughou...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/338313a0
更新日期:1989-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::The src gene product, p60src, of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase which is associated with the plasma membrane of infected cells. Myristic acid is bound in an amide linkage to glycine 2 of p60src. Of the N-terminal 30 kilodaltons of p60src, only amino acids 1-14 are required for myristyla...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/314374a0
更新日期:1985-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-5 (IL-5) specifically induces the differentiation of eosinophils, which are important in host defence and the pathogenesis of allergies and asthma. Structurally, IL-5 is a unique member of the short-chain helical-bundle subfamily of cytokines whose canonical motif contains four helices (A-D) arranged in an...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/379652a0
更新日期:1996-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Planetary formation theories suggest that the giant planets formed on circular and coplanar orbits. The eccentricities of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus, however, reach values of 6 per cent, 9 per cent and 8 per cent, respectively. In addition, the inclinations of the orbital planes of Saturn, Uranus and Neptune take maxi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03539
更新日期:2005-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::Estimates of the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations on future global plant production rely on the physiological response of individual plants or plant communities when exposed to high CO2 (refs 1-6). Plant populations may adapt to the changing atmosphere, however, such that the evolved plant communiti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02945
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The refined 1.9-A resolution structure of the periplasmic D-galactose-binding protein (GBP) reveals a calcium ion surrounded by seven ligands, all protein oxygen atoms. A nine-residue loop (amino-acid positions 134-142), which is preceded by a beta-turn and followed by a beta-strand, provides five ligands from every s...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/327635a0
更新日期:1987-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::The annual cycle in the Earth's surface temperature is extremely large-comparable in magnitude to the glacial-interglacial cycles over most of the planet. Trends in the phase and the amplitude of the annual cycle have been observed, but the causes and significance of these changes remain poorly understood-in part beca...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07675
更新日期:2009-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The geometry and dimensions of branched structures such as blood vessels or airways are important factors in determining the efficiency of physiological processes. It has been shown that fractal trees can be space filling and can ensure minimal dissipation. The bronchial tree of most mammalian lungs is a good example ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02287
更新日期:2004-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::The oxygen evolution reaction has an important role in many alternative-energy schemes because it supplies the protons and electrons required for converting renewable electricity into chemical fuels1-3. Electrocatalysts accelerate the reaction by facilitating the required electron transfer4, as well as the formation a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2908-2
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombin is a coagulation protease that activates platelets, leukocytes, endothelial and mesenchymal cells at sites of vascular injury, acting partly through an unusual proteolytically activated G-protein-coupled receptor. Knockout of the gene encoding this receptor provided definitive evidence for a second thrombin r...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/386502a0
更新日期:1997-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Mr Clinton appears ready to compromise on health care reform despite previous denials. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1038/371002c0
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is caused by a defined genetic abnormality that generates BCR-ABL, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. It is widely believed that BCR-ABL activates Akt signalling that suppresses the forkhead O transcription factors (FOXO), supporting the proliferation or inhibiting the apoptosis o...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08734
更新日期:2010-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::We describe here a new view of primary visual cortex (V1) based on measurements of neural responses in V1 to patterns called 'illusory contours' (Fig. 1a, b). Detection of an object's boundary contours is a fundamental visual task. Boundary contours are defined by discontinuities not only in luminance and colour, but ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/365550a0
更新日期:1993-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation of male development in mammals requires one or more genes on the Y chromosome. A recently isolated gene, termed SRY in humans and Sry in mouse, has many of the genetic and biological properties expected of a Y-located testis-determining gene. It is now shown that Sry on a 14-kilobase genomic DNA fragmen...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/351117a0
更新日期:1991-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::The 26S proteasome is the chief site of regulatory protein turnover in eukaryotic cells. It comprises one 20S catalytic complex (composed of four stacked rings of seven members) and two axially positioned 19S regulatory complexes (each containing about 18 subunits) that control substrate access to the catalytic chambe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/416763a
更新日期:2002-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sulphatase deficiency disease is an unusual autosomal recessive disorder characterised biochemically by a deficiency of several sulphohydrolase activities. The laboratory diagnosis of this combined neurological connective tissue disorder is made on the basis of decreased activities of the lysosomal enzymes, a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/282098a0
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purified p21src protein of Harvey sarcoma virus shows a guanine nucleotide-binding activity and, in addition, at elevated temperature an autophosphorylating activity at a threonine residue using as phosphoryl donor GTP or dGTP but not ATP or dATP. These biochemical activities are unique among those associated with...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/287686a0
更新日期:1980-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Humans and cats can localize a sound source accurately if its spectrum is fairly broad and flat, as is typical of most natural sounds. However, if sounds are filtered to reduce the width of the spectrum, they result in illusions of sources that are very different from the actual locations, particularly in the up/down ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/21424
更新日期:1999-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::Large panels of comprehensively characterized human cancer models, including the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), have provided a rigorous framework with which to study genetic variants, candidate targets, and small-molecule and biological therapeutics and to identify new marker-driven cancer dependencies. To imp...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1186-3
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quantum spin properties of nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond enable diverse applications in quantum computing and communications1. However, fluorescent nanodiamonds also have attractive properties for in vitro biosensing, including brightness2, low cost3 and selective manipulation of their emission4. Nanoparticl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2917-1
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In adult animals, sensory neurons innervating the skin are phenotypically diverse. We have now investigated whether nerve growth factor (NGF) has a physiological role in the development of this diversity. We gave antisera against NGF to rats from postnatal day 1 (PND 1) to adulthood (5 weeks). We found a virtually com...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/350500a0
更新日期:1991-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Tissue-specific transcription factors regulate several important aspects of embryonic development. They must function in the context of DNA assembled into the higher-order structure of chromatin. Enzymatic complexes such as the Swi/Snf-like BAF complexes remodel chromatin to allow the transcriptional machinery access ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03071
更新日期:2004-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen enrichment is widely thought to be responsible for the loss of plant species from temperate terrestrial ecosystems. This view is based on field surveys and controlled experiments showing that species richness correlates negatively with high productivity and nitrogen enrichment. However, as the type of nutrien...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03950
更新日期:2005-09-22 00:00:00