GLI activation by atypical protein kinase C ι/λ regulates the growth of basal cell carcinomas.

abstract：:Introduction of DNA fragments, hundreds of kilobases in size, into mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells would greatly advance the ability to manipulate the mouse genome. Mice generated from such modified cells would permit investigation of the function and expression of very large or crudely mapped genes. Large DNA molecul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jakobovits A,Moore AL,Green LL,Vergara GJ,Maynard-Currie CE,Austin HA,Klapholz S

更新日期：1993-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major regulator of eukaryotic growth that coordinates anabolic and catabolic cellular processes with inputs such as growth factors and nutrients, including amino acids. In mammals arginine is particularly important, promoting diverse physiological effects suc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Saxton RA,Chantranupong L,Knockenhauer KE,Schwartz TU,Sabatini DM

更新日期：2016-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:It is thought that in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is controlled by the dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor in the transverse tubular membrane, where it serves as the voltage sensor. We have shown previously that injection of an expression plasmid...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tanabe T,Beam KG,Adams BA,Niidome T,Numa S

更新日期：1990-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The extinction rate of populations is predicted to rise under increasing rates of environmental change. If a population experiencing increasingly stressful conditions lacks appropriate phenotypic plasticity or access to more suitable habitats, then genetic change may be the only way to avoid extinction. Evolutionary r...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lindsey HA,Gallie J,Taylor S,Kerr B

更新日期：2013-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Transposable elements are viewed as 'selfish genetic elements', yet they contribute to gene regulation and genome evolution in diverse ways. More than half of the human genome consists of transposable elements. Alu elements belong to the short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) family of repetitive elements, and with...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Aktaş T,Avşar Ilık İ,Maticzka D,Bhardwaj V,Pessoa Rodrigues C,Mittler G,Manke T,Backofen R,Akhtar A

更新日期：2017-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocytosis has long been thought of as simply a way for cells to internalize nutrients and membrane-associated molecules. But an explosive growth in knowledge has given a new dimension to our understanding of this process. It now seems that endocytosis is a master organizer of signalling circuits, with one of its mai...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Scita G,Di Fiore PP

更新日期：2010-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A thermal light-emitting source, such as a black body or the incandescent filament of a light bulb, is often presented as a typical example of an incoherent source and is in marked contrast to a laser. Whereas a laser is highly monochromatic and very directional, a thermal source has a broad spectrum and is usually qu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Greffet JJ,Carminati R,Joulain K,Mulet JP,Mainguy S,Chen Y

更新日期：2002-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays a central role in the regulation of many intracellular receptor signalling pathways and can mediate ligand-dependent transcription, acting as a homodimer or as a heterodimer. Here we identify an antagonist towards RXR homodimers which also functions as an agonist when RXR is paired as a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lala DS,Mukherjee R,Schulman IG,Koch SS,Dardashti LJ,Nadzan AM,Croston GE,Evans RM,Heyman RA

更新日期：1996-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotides immediately surrounding intron/exon junctions of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase B can be derived from 'consensus' sequences for donor and acceptor splice sites by only a few base changes. Studies in vivo have underlined the importance of these junction nucleotides for splicing. In higher eukaryote...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rautmann G,Breathnach R

更新日期：1985-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice of the AKR strain are characterised by a high incidence of spontaneous thymic lymphomas. AKR chromosomes contain the genomes of ecotropic murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) at two loci, termed Akv-1 and Akv-2 (refs 2-6). Shortly after birth, the normal tissues of AKR mice begin to produce high levels of this XC-positi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rein A,Athan E,Benjers BM,Bassin RH,Gerwin BI,Slocum DR

更新日期：1979-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The Colorado plateau is a large, tectonically intact, physiographic province in the southwestern North American Cordillera that stands at ∼1,800-2,000 m elevation and has long been thought to be in isostatic equilibrium. The origin of these high elevations is unclear because unlike the surrounding provinces, which hav...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Levander A,Schmandt B,Miller MS,Liu K,Karlstrom KE,Crow RS,Lee CT,Humphreys ED

更新日期：2011-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The fruit, which mediates the maturation and dispersal of seeds, is a complex structure unique to flowering plants. Seed dispersal in plants such as Arabidopsis occurs by a process called fruit dehiscence, or pod shatter. Few studies have focused on identifying genes that regulate this process, in spite of the agronom...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liljegren SJ,Ditta GS,Eshed Y,Savidge B,Bowman JL,Yanofsky MF

更新日期：2000-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for excision repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA and is essential for cell viability. The RAD3-encoded protein shares a high degree of homology with the human ERCC2(XPD) gene product. Mutations in XPD, besides causing the cancer-prone syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guzder SN,Qiu H,Sommers CH,Sung P,Prakash L,Prakash S

更新日期：1994-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) that occur in woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) were screened for activation of cellular oncogenes. Enhanced expression and allelic alterations of the c-myc oncogene were found in three HCC out of nine. Variations in the size of the c-myc transcripts, ra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Möröy T,Marchio A,Etiemble J,Trépo C,Tiollais P,Buendia MA

更新日期：1986-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the introduction of silicon-based integrated circuitry over three decades ago, the integration density of such circuits has doubled every 12 to 18 months: this observation is known as Moore's law. For this historical trend to continue, significant challenges need to be overcome in several key technological a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peercy PS

更新日期：2000-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:N-glycosylation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a central role in protein quality control. Here we report that N-glycan serves as a signal for degradation by the Skp1-Cullin1-Fbx2-Roc1 (SCF(Fbx2)) ubiquitin ligase complex. The F-box protein Fbx2 (ref. 4) binds specifically to proteins attached to N-l...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yoshida Y,Chiba T,Tokunaga F,Kawasaki H,Iwai K,Suzuki T,Ito Y,Matsuoka K,Yoshida M,Tanaka K,Tai T

更新日期：2002-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate are extracellular sugar chains involved in intercellular signalling. Disruptions of genes encoding enzymes that mediate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis have severe consequences in Drosophila and mice. Mutations in the Drosophila gene sugarless, which ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mizuguchi S,Uyama T,Kitagawa H,Nomura KH,Dejima K,Gengyo-Ando K,Mitani S,Sugahara K,Nomura K

更新日期：2003-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Several species related to Drosophila melanogaster have two loci containing sequences which code for the major heat-shock protein of molecular weight 70,000 (hsp70). These sequences are arranged as two pairs of inverted repeats. The structure of the 87C locus in D. melanogaster seems to have arisen through DNA inserti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Leigh Brown AJ,Ish-Horowicz D

更新日期：1981-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In legumes, root nodule organogenesis is activated in response to morphogenic lipochitin oligosaccharides that are synthesized by bacteria, commonly known as rhizobia. Successful symbiotic interaction results in the formation of highly specialized organs called root nodules, which provide a unique environment for symb...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krusell L,Madsen LH,Sato S,Aubert G,Genua A,Szczyglowski K,Duc G,Kaneko T,Tabata S,de Bruijn F,Pajuelo E,Sandal N,Stougaard J

更新日期：2002-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue disease is caused by four different flavivirus serotypes, which infect 390 million people yearly with 25% symptomatic cases and for which no licensed vaccine is available. Recent phase III vaccine trials showed partial protection, and in particular no protection for dengue virus serotype 2 (refs 3, 4). Structur...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rouvinski A,Guardado-Calvo P,Barba-Spaeth G,Duquerroy S,Vaney MC,Kikuti CM,Navarro Sanchez ME,Dejnirattisai W,Wongwiwat W,Haouz A,Girard-Blanc C,Petres S,Shepard WE,Desprès P,Arenzana-Seisdedos F,Dussart P,Mongkolsapaya J

更新日期：2015-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:When a person walks through a rigid environment while holding eyes and head fixed, the pattern of retinal motion flows radially away from a point, the focus of expansion (Fig. 1a). Under such conditions of translation, heading corresponds to the focus of expansion and people identify it readily. But when making an eye...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Royden CS,Banks MS,Crowell JA

更新日期：1992-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Gradual accumulation of evidence is thought to be fundamental for decision-making, and its neural correlates have been found in several brain regions. Here we develop a generalizable method to measure tuning curves that specify the relationship between neural responses and mentally accumulated evidence, and apply it t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hanks TD,Kopec CD,Brunton BW,Duan CA,Erlich JC,Brody CD

更新日期：2015-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Letter, errors in Supplementary Table 1 have been corrected. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Song XP,Hansen MC,Stehman SV,Potapov PV,Tyukavina A,Vermote EF,Townshend JR

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A conserved heterotrimeric membrane protein complex, the Sec61 or SecY complex, forms a protein-conducting channel, allowing polypeptides to be transferred across or integrated into membranes. We report the crystal structure of the complex from Methanococcus jannaschii at a resolution of 3.2 A. The structure suggests ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Van den Berg B,Clemons WM Jr,Collinson I,Modis Y,Hartmann E,Harrison SC,Rapoport TA

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:L-GLUTAMATE and L-aspartate are thought to have a widespread function as synaptic transmitters in the mammalian central nervous system and there are at least three types of neuronal glutamate receptors, which can be activated by the selective agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualate and kainate. Recent experi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Usowicz MM,Gallo V,Cull-Candy SG

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The key behavioural, physiological and anatomical components of a magnetite-based magnetic sense have been demonstrated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Candidate receptor cells located within a discrete sub-layer of the olfactory lamellae contained iron-rich crystals that were similar in size and shape to magn...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Diebel CE,Proksch R,Green CR,Neilson P,Walker MM

更新日期：2000-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetic fields play a part in almost all stages of stellar evolution. Most low-mass stars, including the Sun, show surface fields that are generated by dynamo processes in their convective envelopes. Intermediate-mass stars do not have deep convective envelopes, although 10 per cent exhibit strong surface fields that...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stello D,Cantiello M,Fuller J,Huber D,García RA,Bedding TR,Bildsten L,Aguirre VS

更新日期：2016-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:During the biosynthesis of selenoproteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, selenocysteine is cotranslationally incorporated into the nascent polypeptide chain through a process directed by a UGA codon that normally functions as a stop codon. Recently, four genes have been identified whose products are required for ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Forchhammer K,Leinfelder W,Böck A

更新日期：1989-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The lack of a reliable theory of glass physics has led to the pursuit of correlations between various glass or viscous liquid parameters, one of which is the slope m of the plot of log(viscosity) against Tg/T, extrapolated at the glass-transition temperature, Tg, also termed 'fragility'. Novikov and Sokolov conclude t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yannopoulos SN,Johari GP

更新日期：2006-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Most normal mammalian cells have a finite lifespan, thought to constitute a protective mechanism against unlimited proliferation. This phenomenon, called senescence, is driven by telomere attrition, which triggers the induction of tumour suppressors including p16(INK4a) (ref. 5). In cultured cells, senescence can be e...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Michaloglou C,Vredeveld LC,Soengas MS,Denoyelle C,Kuilman T,van der Horst CM,Majoor DM,Shay JW,Mooi WJ,Peeper DS

更新日期：2005-08-04 00:00:00