Abstract:
:The origin and growth of magnetic fields in galaxies is still something of an enigma. It is generally assumed that seed fields are amplified over time through the dynamo effect, but there are few constraints on the timescale. It was recently demonstrated that field strengths as traced by rotation measures of distant (and hence ancient) quasars are comparable to those seen today, but it was unclear whether the high fields were in the unusual environments of the quasars themselves or distributed along the lines of sight. Here we report high-resolution spectra that demonstrate that the quasars with strong Mg II absorption lines are unambiguously associated with larger rotation measures. Because Mg ii absorption occurs in the haloes of normal galaxies along the sightlines to the quasars, this association requires that organized fields of surprisingly high strengths are associated with normal galaxies when the Universe was only about one-third of its present age.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Bernet ML,Miniati F,Lilly SJ,Kronberg PP,Dessauges-Zavadsky Mdoi
10.1038/nature07105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-07-17 00:00:00pages
302-4issue
7202eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature07105journal_volume
454pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I; also called DDX58) is a cytosolic viral RNA receptor that interacts with MAVS (also called VISA, IPS-1 or Cardif) to induce type I interferon-mediated host protective innate immunity against viral infection. Furthermore, members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, whic...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1038/nature05732
更新日期:2007-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Ultraluminous X-ray sources are extragalactic objects located outside the nucleus of the host galaxy with bolometric luminosities exceeding 10(39) erg s(-1). These extreme luminosities-if the emission is isotropic and below the theoretical (Eddington) limit, where the radiation pressure is balanced by the gravitationa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08083
更新日期:2009-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Saturn's largest moon, Titan, remains an enigma, explored only by remote sensing from Earth, and by the Voyager and Cassini spacecraft. The most puzzling aspects include the origin of the molecular nitrogen and methane in its atmosphere, and the mechanism(s) by which methane is maintained in the face of rapid destruct...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04122
更新日期:2005-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07268-2
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although drugs are intended to be selective, at least some bind to several physiological targets, explaining side effects and efficacy. Because many drug-target combinations exist, it would be useful to explore possible interactions computationally. Here we compared 3,665 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08506
更新日期:2009-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen, one of the most abundant elements on Earth, often forms an undesired interstitial impurity or ceramic phase (such as an oxide particle) in metallic materials. Even when it adds strength, oxygen doping renders metals brittle1-3. Here we show that oxygen can take the form of ordered oxygen complexes, a state in ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0685-y
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three Hipparion trails, two from adults and one from a juvenile dating from about 3.5 Myr ago, have now been found in Laetoli. Comparison of the Hipparion footprints with a variety of imprints made by domestic horses showed that the animals moved with a running walk over the soft and slippery soil of Laetoli: in the a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/308179a0
更新日期:1984-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::A type Ia supernova is thought to be a thermonuclear explosion of either a single carbon-oxygen white dwarf or a pair of merging white dwarfs. The explosion fuses a large amount of radioactive (56)Ni (refs 1-3). After the explosion, the decay chain from (56)Ni to (56)Co to (56)Fe generates γ-ray photons, which are rep...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13672
更新日期:2014-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Microbialites, including biogenic stromatolites, thrombolites and dendrolites, were formed by various microbial mats that trapped and bound sediments or formed the locus of mineral precipitation. Microbialites were common and diverse during the Proterozoic, but declined in abundance and morphological diversity when mu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02654
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Statistical evidence of reduced coronary heart disease in areas of high wine consumption has led to the widespread belief that wine affords a protective effect. Although moderate drinking of any alcohol helps to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease, there is no clear evidence that red wine confers an additio...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/414863a
更新日期:2001-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular endomembrane system, enabling protein and lipid synthesis, ion homeostasis, quality control of newly synthesized proteins and organelle communication. Constant ER turnover and modulation is needed to meet different cellular requirements and autophagy has an i...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14498
更新日期:2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Modifications of histone proteins have essential roles in normal development and human disease. Recognition of modified histones by 'reader' proteins is a key mechanism that mediates the function of histone modifications, but how the dysregulation of these readers might contribute to disease remains poorly understood....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1842-7
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metastatic progression of cancer is a complex and clinically daunting process. We previously identified a set of human microRNAs (miRNAs) that robustly suppress breast cancer metastasis to lung and bone and which display expression levels that predict human metastasis. Although these findings revealed miRNAs as suppre...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10661
更新日期:2011-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::The role of magnetic domains (and the walls between domains) in determining the electrical properties of ferromagnetic materials has been investigated in great detail for many years, not least because control over domains offers a means of manipulating electron spin to control charge transport in 'spintronic' devices....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06826
更新日期:2008-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis remains second only to HIV/AIDS as the leading cause of mortality worldwide due to a single infectious agent. Despite chemotherapy, the global tuberculosis epidemic has intensified because of HIV co-infection, the lack of an effective vaccine and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Alternative...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13489
更新日期:2014-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Io leaves a magnetic footprint on Jupiter's upper atmosphere that appears as a spot of ultraviolet emission that remains fixed underneath Io as Jupiter rotates. The specific physical mechanisms responsible for generating those emissions are not well understood, but in general the spot seems to arise because of an elec...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/415997a
更新日期:2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Classically, there is a direct correlation between the lipophilic nature of a molecule and its rate of permeation across a biological membrane, so cell membranes should be more permeable to small, neutral molecules than they are to charged molecular species of similar size. Consequently, the distribution of NH+4 in bi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/339478a0
更新日期:1989-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Developing neurons transiently express somatostatin and its receptors, but little is known about their function at these early stages. As we thought that endogenous somatostatin might control the migratory behaviour of immature neurons, we have examined the effects of somatostatin in cerebellar granule cells of early ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/415077a
更新日期:2002-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::High-harmonic generation is a well-known method of producing coherent extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) light, with photon energies up to about 0.5 keV (refs 1, 2). This is achieved by focusing a femtosecond laser into a gas, and high harmonics of the fundamental laser frequency are radiated in the forward direction. However,...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01222
更新日期:2003-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::A model catalyst is described which has properties in common with carbonic anhydrase. The model demonstrates the availability of a mechanism, previously only hypothetical, for the action of the enzyme. It also shows, however, that this mechanism alone is not adequate to produce the high activity of the enzyme. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/258677a0
更新日期:1975-12-25 00:00:00
abstract::Human activities are causing Earth's sixth major extinction event-an accelerating decline of the world's stocks of biological diversity at rates 100 to 1,000 times pre-human levels. Historically, low-impact intrusion into species habitats arose from local demands for food, fuel and living space. However, in today's in...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11145
更新日期:2012-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::Adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein, aP2 (FABP4) is expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, and integrates inflammatory and metabolic responses. Studies in aP2-deficient mice have shown that this lipid chaperone has a significant role in several aspects of metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes and atheroscle...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05844
更新日期:2007-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Granular materials and ordinary fluids react differently to shear stresses. Rather than deforming uniformly, materials such as dry sand or cohesionless powders develop shear bands--narrow zones of large relative particle motion, with essentially rigid adjacent regions. Because shear bands mark areas of flow, material ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35019032
更新日期:2000-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a leading cause of death due to disease in young people, but the biological determinants of treatment failure remain poorly understood. Recent genome-wide profiling of structural DNA alterations in ALL have identified multiple submicroscopic somatic mutations targeting k...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09727
更新日期:2011-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::The dispersal of early humans from Africa by 1.75 Myr ago led to a marked expansion of their range, from the island of Flores in the east to the Iberian peninsula in the west. This range encompassed tropical forest, savannah and Mediterranean habitats, but has hitherto not been demonstrated beyond 45 degrees N. Until ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09117
更新日期:2010-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::In nature, organisms are exposed to chronic low-dose ultraviolet light (CLUV) as opposed to the acute high doses common to laboratory experiments. Analysis of the cellular response to acute high-dose exposure has delineated the importance of direct DNA repair by the nucleotide excision repair pathway and for checkpoin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07580
更新日期:2009-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic transmission of most vertebrate synapses is thought to be terminated by rapid transport of the neurotransmitter into presynaptic nerve terminals or neuroglia. L-Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in brain and its transport represents the mechanism by which it is removed from the synaptic cleft and ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/360464a0
更新日期:1992-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Spatially extended dynamical systems exhibit complex behaviour in both space and time--spatiotemporal chaos. Analysis of dynamical quantities (such as fractal dimensions and Lyapunov exponents) has provided insights into low-dimensional systems; but it has proven more difficult to understand spatiotemporal chaos in hi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35008013
更新日期:2000-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Brain development and function depend on the precise regulation of gene expression. However, our understanding of the complexity and dynamics of the transcriptome of the human brain is incomplete. Here we report the generation and analysis of exon-level transcriptome and associated genotyping data, representing males ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10523
更新日期:2011-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that initial sensitization to airborne environmental allergens occurs typically in early childhood, but subsequent progression to persistent atopic asthma, which may not manifest for several years, is restricted to only a subset of atopics. The key to establishing the link between atopy and a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/35037009
更新日期:1999-11-25 00:00:00