The gait of Hipparion sp. from fossil footprints in Laetoli, Tanzania.

abstract：:The recurrent patterns in the commonness and rarity of species in ecological communities--the relative species abundance--have puzzled ecologists for more than half a century. Here we show that the framework of the current neutral theory in ecology can easily be generalized to incorporate symmetric density dependence....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Volkov I,Banavar JR,He F,Hubbell SP,Maritan A

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To trigger class II-restricted T cells, antigen presenting cells have to capture antigens, process them and display their fragments in association with class II molecules. In most species, activated T cells express class II molecules; however, no evidence has been found that these cells can present soluble antigens. T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lanzavecchia A,Roosnek E,Gregory T,Berman P,Abrignani S

更新日期：1988-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Interest in attributing the risk of damaging weather-related events to anthropogenic climate change is increasing. Yet climate models used to study the attribution problem typically do not resolve the weather systems associated with damaging events such as the UK floods of October and November 2000. Occurring during t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pall P,Aina T,Stone DA,Stott PA,Nozawa T,Hilberts AG,Lohmann D,Allen MR

更新日期：2011-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells has been used to disrupt the homeobox gene hox-1.5. Mice heterozygous at the hox-1.5 locus appear normal, whereas hox-1.5-/hox-1.5- mice die at or shortly after birth. These homozygotes are athymic, aparathyroid, have reduced thyroid and submaxillary tissue and exhibit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chisaka O,Capecchi MR

更新日期：1991-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Methods section of this Article, 'greater than' should have been 'less than' in the sentence 'Putative regions of clustered rearrangements were identified as having an average inter-rearrangement distance that was at least 10 times greater than the whole-genome average for the individual sample. '. The Article ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nik-Zainal S,Davies H,Staaf J,Ramakrishna M,Glodzik D,Zou X,Martincorena I,Alexandrov LB,Martin S,Wedge DC,Van Loo P,Ju YS,Smid M,Brinkman AB,Morganella S,Aure MR,Lingjærde OC,Langerød A,Ringnér M,Ahn SM,Boyault S

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the relative timings of climate events in the Northern and Southern hemispheres is a prerequisite for determining the causes of abrupt climate changes. But climate records from the Patagonian Andes and New Zealand for the period of transition from glacial to interglacial conditions--about 14.6-10 kyr bef...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moreno PI,Jacobson GL Jr,Lowell TV,Denton GH

更新日期：2001-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The cyc- variants of S49 lymphoma cells have served as powerful tools for studying the components and mechanisms of hormone-induced adenylate cyclase stimulation, as these cells are deficient in the guanine nucleotide regulatory site (Ns) mediating hormone, guanine nucleotide, cholera toxin and fluoride-induced stimul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jakobs KH,Aktories K,Schultz G

更新日期：1983-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The cartilage and skin of animals, which are made up of more than fifty per cent water, are rather stiff (having elastic moduli of up to 100 megapascals) as well as tough and hard to break (with fracture energies of up to 9,000 joules per square metre). Such features make these biological materials mechanically superi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rauner N,Meuris M,Zoric M,Tiller JC

更新日期：2017-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Water availability limits plant growth and production in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. However, biomes differ substantially in sensitivity of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to between-year variation in precipitation. Average rain-use efficiency (RUE; ANPP/precipitation) also varies between biomes, supp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Huxman TE,Smith MD,Fay PA,Knapp AK,Shaw MR,Loik ME,Smith SD,Tissue DT,Zak JC,Weltzin JF,Pockman WT,Sala OE,Haddad BM,Harte J,Koch GW,Schwinning S,Small EE,Williams DG

更新日期：2004-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian telomeres repress DNA-damage activation at natural chromosome ends by recruiting specific inhibitors of the DNA-damage machinery that form a protective complex termed shelterin. Within this complex, TRF2 (also known as TERF2) has a crucial role in end protection through the suppression of ATM activation and ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Okamoto K,Bartocci C,Ouzounov I,Diedrich JK,Yates JR 3rd,Denchi EL

更新日期：2013-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Piwi proteins and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have conserved functions in transposon silencing. The murine Piwi proteins Mili and Miwi2 (also called Piwil2 and Piwil4, respectively) direct epigenetic LINE1 and intracisternal A particle transposon silencing during genome reprogramming in the embryonic male germ line...

journal_title：Nature

authors： De Fazio S,Bartonicek N,Di Giacomo M,Abreu-Goodger C,Sankar A,Funaya C,Antony C,Moreira PN,Enright AJ,O'Carroll D

更新日期：2011-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (Cdk4/6) that control the G1 phase of the cell cycle and their inhibitor, the p16INK4a tumour suppressor, have a central role in cell proliferation and in tumorigenesis. The structures of Cdk6 bound to p16INK4a and to the related p19INK4d reveal that the INK4 inhibitors bind next t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Russo AA,Tong L,Lee JO,Jeffrey PD,Pavletich NP

更新日期：1998-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The isolation of a mutant adenovirus carrying an insertion of cellular DNA has led to the identification of a new family of human repetitive sequences, which are found tandemly arranged in the genome. The sequence of the viral insert resembles that of eukaryotic transposable elements. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shimizu Y,Yoshida K,Ren CS,Fujinaga K,Rajagopalan S,Chinnadurai G

更新日期：1983-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is one of man's commonest hereditary diseases. Several studies have implicated a defect in DNA mismatch repair in the pathogenesis of this disease. In particular, hMSH2 and hMLH1 homologues of the bacterial DNA mismatch repair genes mutS and mutL, respectively, were sh...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nicolaides NC,Papadopoulos N,Liu B,Wei YF,Carter KC,Ruben SM,Rosen CA,Haseltine WA,Fleischmann RD,Fraser CM

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone has recently emerged as a pleiotropic endocrine organ that secretes at least two hormones, FGF23 and osteocalcin, which regulate kidney function and glucose homeostasis, respectively. These findings have raised the question of whether other bone-derived hormones exist and what their potential functions are. Here ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mosialou I,Shikhel S,Liu JM,Maurizi A,Luo N,He Z,Huang Y,Zong H,Friedman RA,Barasch J,Lanzano P,Deng L,Leibel RL,Rubin M,Nickolas T,Chung W,Zeltser LM,Williams KW,Pessin JE,Kousteni S

更新日期：2017-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Real-time investigations of the rearrangement of bonds during chemical transformations require femtosecond temporal resolution, so that the atomic vibrations within the reacting molecules can be observed. Following the development of lasers capable of emitting ultrashort laser flashes on this timescale, chemical react...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kobayashi T,Saito T,Ohtani H

更新日期：2001-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Improvement in the clinical outcome of lung cancer is likely to be achieved by identification of the molecular events that underlie its pathogenesis. Here we show that a small inversion within chromosome 2p results in the formation of a fusion gene comprising portions of the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-l...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Soda M,Choi YL,Enomoto M,Takada S,Yamashita Y,Ishikawa S,Fujiwara S,Watanabe H,Kurashina K,Hatanaka H,Bando M,Ohno S,Ishikawa Y,Aburatani H,Niki T,Sohara Y,Sugiyama Y,Mano H

更新日期：2007-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Pollinators are declining worldwide and this has raised concerns for a parallel decline in the essential pollination service they provide to both crops and wild plants. Anthropogenic drivers linked to this decline include habitat changes, intensive agriculture, pesticides, invasive alien species, spread of pathogens a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Knop E,Zoller L,Ryser R,Gerpe C,Hörler M,Fontaine C

更新日期：2017-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The Southern Ocean houses a diverse and productive community of organisms. Unicellular eukaryotic diatoms are the main primary producers in this environment, where photosynthesis is limited by low concentrations of dissolved iron and large seasonal fluctuations in light, temperature and the extent of sea ice. How diat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mock T,Otillar RP,Strauss J,McMullan M,Paajanen P,Schmutz J,Salamov A,Sanges R,Toseland A,Ward BJ,Allen AE,Dupont CL,Frickenhaus S,Maumus F,Veluchamy A,Wu T,Barry KW,Falciatore A,Ferrante MI,Fortunato AE,Glöckner

更新日期：2017-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A kinase distinct from the MEK activator Raf, termed MEK kinase-1 (MEKK), was originally identified by virtue of its homology to kinases involved in yeast mating signal cascades. Like Raf, MEKK is capable of activating MEK in vitro. High-level expression of MEKK in COS-7 cells or using vaccinia virus vectors also acti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yan M,Dai T,Deak JC,Kyriakis JM,Zon LI,Woodgett JR,Templeton DJ

更新日期：1994-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells persist indefinitely in epithelial barrier tissues and protect the host against pathogens. However, the biological pathways that enable the long-term survival of TRM cells are obscure. Here we show that mouse CD8+ TRM cells generated by viral infection of the skin differentially ex...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pan Y,Tian T,Park CO,Lofftus SY,Mei S,Liu X,Luo C,O'Malley JT,Gehad A,Teague JE,Divito SJ,Fuhlbrigge R,Puigserver P,Krueger JG,Hotamisligil GS,Clark RA,Kupper TS

更新日期：2017-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that resorb bone, ensuring development and continuous remodelling of the skeleton and the bone marrow haematopoietic niche. Defective osteoclast activity leads to osteopetrosis and bone marrow failure1-9, whereas excess activity can contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis10....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jacome-Galarza CE,Percin GI,Muller JT,Mass E,Lazarov T,Eitler J,Rauner M,Yadav VK,Crozet L,Bohm M,Loyher PL,Karsenty G,Waskow C,Geissmann F

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modifications of histone proteins have essential roles in normal development and human disease. Recognition of modified histones by 'reader' proteins is a key mechanism that mediates the function of histone modifications, but how the dysregulation of these readers might contribute to disease remains poorly understood....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wan L,Chong S,Xuan F,Liang A,Cui X,Gates L,Carroll TS,Li Y,Feng L,Chen G,Wang SP,Ortiz MV,Daley SK,Wang X,Xuan H,Kentsis A,Muir TW,Roeder RG,Li H,Li W,Tjian R,Wen H,Allis CD

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-stranded DNA can fold into well-defined sequence-dependent tertiary structures that specifically bind a variety of target molecules, raising the possibility that some folded single-stranded DNAs might exhibit catalytic activities similar to those of ribozymes and protein enzymes. Derivatives of the hammerhead r...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cuenoud B,Szostak JW

更新日期：1995-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Eukaryotic cells seem to use GTP hydrolysis to regulate vesicular traffic in exocytosis and endocytosis. The best evidence for this comes from studies on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that have identified two small Ras-related GTP-binding proteins, Sec4p and Ypt1p, which control distinct stages of the secretory p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goud B,Zahraoui A,Tavitian A,Saraste J

更新日期：1990-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The proton-activated chloride channel (PAC) is active across a wide range of mammalian cells and is involved in acid-induced cell death and tissue injury1-3. PAC has recently been shown to represent a novel and evolutionarily conserved protein family4,5. Here we present two cryo-electron microscopy structures of human...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ruan Z,Osei-Owusu J,Du J,Qiu Z,Lü W

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many natural products that contain basic nitrogen atoms--for example alkaloids like morphine and quinine-have the potential to treat a broad range of human diseases. However, the presence of a nitrogen atom in a target molecule can complicate its chemical synthesis because of the basicity of nitrogen atoms and their s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mercado-Marin EV,Garcia-Reynaga P,Romminger S,Pimenta EF,Romney DK,Lodewyk MW,Williams DE,Andersen RJ,Miller SJ,Tantillo DJ,Berlinck RGS,Sarpong R

更新日期：2014-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes containing mature trophozoites and schizonts sequester along venular endothelium and are not in the peripheral circulation of patients with malaria. Knobs appear on infected erythrocytes and are the points of attachment to endothelium. Sequestration may protect the parasite ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Roberts DD,Sherwood JA,Spitalnik SL,Panton LJ,Howard RJ,Dixit VM,Frazier WA,Miller LH,Ginsburg V

更新日期：1985-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility of rodent cells to infection by ecotropic murine leukaemia viruses (MuLV) is determined by binding of the virus envelope to a membrane receptor that has multiple membrane-spanning domains. Cells infected by ecotropic MuLV synthesize envelope protein, gp70, which binds to this receptor, thereby preventin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kim JW,Closs EI,Albritton LM,Cunningham JM

更新日期：1991-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Cocaine is believed to work by blocking the dopamine transporter (DAT) and thereby increasing the availability of free dopamine within the brain. Although this concept is central to current cocaine research and to treatment development, a direct relationship between DAT blockade and the subjective effects of cocaine h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Volkow ND,Wang GJ,Fischman MW,Foltin RW,Fowler JS,Abumrad NN,Vitkun S,Logan J,Gatley SJ,Pappas N,Hitzemann R,Shea CE

更新日期：1997-04-24 00:00:00