Abstract：
:Understanding of osteoclast formation and activation has advanced considerably since the discovery of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the mid 1990s. Osteoblasts and stromal stem cells express receptor activator of NF-jB ligand (RANKL), which binds to its receptor, RANK, on the surface of osteoclasts and their precursors. This regulates the differentiation of precursors into multinucleated osteoclasts and osteoclast activation and survival both normally and in most pathologic conditions associated with increased bone resorption. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is secreted by osteoblasts and osteogenic stromal stem cells and protects the skeleton from excessive bone resorption by binding to RANKL and preventing it from interacting with RANK. The RANKL/OPG ratio in bone marrow is thus an important determinant of bone mass in normal and disease states. RANKL/RANK signaling also regulates lymph node formation and mammary gland lactational hyperplasia in mice, and OPG protects large arteries of mice from medial calcification. This article reviews the roles of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in bone and other tissues.
journal_name
Curr Osteoporos Repjournal_title
Current osteoporosis reportsauthors
Boyce BF,Xing Ldoi
10.1007/s11914-007-0024-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-09-01 00:00:00pages
98-104issue
3eissn
1544-1873issn
1544-2241journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The goal of the review is to summarize the current knowledge on the process of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation during endochondral bone formation and its potential implications in fracture healing and disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Lineage tracing experiments confirmed the transdifferentiati...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00511-3
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microcrack accumulation in cortical bone has been implicated in skeletal fragility and stress fractures. These cracks have also been shown to affect the mechanical and material properties of cortical bone. Their growth has been linked to osteocyte apoptosis and the initiation of the remodeling process, which also has ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-005-0002-1
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atraumatic fractures of the skeleton in osteoporotic patients are directly related to a deterioration of bone strength. However, the failure of the bone tissue to withstand functional load bearing cannot be explained as a simple decrease in bone mineral density (quantity); strength is also significantly dependent upon...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-003-0003-x
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently, the measurement of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is used at NASA to evaluate the effects of spaceflight on the skeletal health of astronauts. Notably, there are precipitous declines in aBMD with losses >10 % detected in the hip and spine in some astronauts following a typical 6-month mission in space. H...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-013-0136-5
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fractures of osteoporotic bone in elderly individuals need special attention. This manuscript reviews the current strategies to provide sufficient fracture fixation stability with a particular focus on fractures that frequently occur in elderly individuals with osteoporosis and require full load-beari...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00535-9
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pediatric origin of osteoporosis has led many investigators to focus on determining factors that influence bone gain during growth and methods for optimizing this gain. Bone responds to bone loading activities by increasing mass or size. Overall, pediatric studies have found a positive effect of bone loading on bo...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-013-0152-5
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although traditional diagnosis and treatment of renal osteodystrophy focused on changes in bone turnover, current data demonstrate that abnormalities in skeletal mineralization are also prevalent in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) and likely contribute to skeletal morbidities that continue to plague this popula...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-015-0253-4
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Here, we overview the latest findings from studies investigating the skeletal endocannabinoid (EC) system and its involvement in bone formation and resorption. RECENT FINDINGS:The endocannabinoid system consists of endogenous ligands, receptors, and enzymes. The main cannabinoids found in the cannabi...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00607-1
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and bone tissue decreases functionality and increases the risk for falls and injuries. One contributing factor of muscle and bone loss over time is chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training is an effective countermeasure for decreasing the loss of muscle...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00596-1
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Mechanical loading is an essential stimulus for skeletal tissues. Osteocytes are primarily responsible for sensing mechanical stimuli in bone and for orchestrating subsequent responses. This is critical for maintaining homeostasis, and responding to injury/disease. The osteocyte mechanotransduction pa...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0485-1
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this review was to compile a list of tools currently available to study bone cells and in particular osteocytes. As the interest (and importance) in osteocyte biology has greatly expanded over the past decade, new tools and techniques have become available to study these elusive cells, RECE...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00613-3
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The musculoskeletal system is a complex organ comprised of the skeletal bones, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, joints, and other connective tissue that physically and mechanically interact to provide animals and humans with the essential ability of locomotion. This mechanical interaction is undoubtedl...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-014-0209-0
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Diabetes has a detrimental effect on bone, increasing the risk of fracture and formation of osteolytic lesions such as those seen in periodontitis. Several diabetic complications are caused by diabetes-enhanced inflammation. This review examines mechanisms by which IL-17 contributes to diabetes-enhanc...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00559-6
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Establishing a Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) to identify and treat patients with a recent fragility fracture has been shown to be effective, save money, useful to document high quality of care, and makes good clinical sense. A FLS starts with an osteoporosis champion and encompasses identification of patients with a ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-013-0177-9
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize reports published since the 2013 American Society of Bone and Mineral Research Task Force Report on atypical femoral fractures (AFF). RECENT FINDINGS:The absolute incidence of AFFs remains low. AFFs are primarily associated with prolonged bisphosphonate (BP) exposure, but have also been ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0464-6
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The greatest cause of preventable morbidity and mortality is smoking, and one of the often-underappreciated effects of smoking is profound bone loss. The existing clinical paradigm for smoking is that there is a low turnover osteoporosis. This review highlights findings from recent clinical trials and animal research ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-011-0068-x
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D, acting through its active metabolite 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), exerts its influence on many physiologic processes in addition to the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. These processes include the immune system. Both the adaptive and innate immune systems are affected by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its receptor...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-009-0011-6
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Musculoskeletal pain disorders are the second largest contributor to global disability underlining the significance of effective treatments. However, treating chronic musculoskeletal pain, and chronic joint pain (osteoarthritis (OA)) in particular, is challenging as the underlying peripheral and central pain mechanism...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-015-0276-x
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We give an update on the etiology and potential treatment options of rare inherited monogenic disorders associated with arterial calcification and calcific cardiac valve disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Genetic studies of rare inherited syndromes have identified key regulators of ectopic calcification. Based...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-017-0370-3
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surrogate markers in clinical medicine provide a useful means to assess therapeutic response to pharmacologic therapy in a wide range of chronic disease states. In the area of osteoporosis, the surrogate markers of change in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTM) provide the clinician with a means ...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-005-0018-6
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Osteogenesis is a complex process involving the specification of multiple progenitor cells and their maturation and differentiation into matrix-secreting osteoblasts. Osteogenesis occurs not only during embryogenesis but also during growth, after an injury, and in normal homeostatic maintenance. While...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-017-0379-7
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to explore the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) in the processes that underpin bone remodelling, particularly the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and its role in the development and metastasis of cancers that target the bone. RECENT FINDI...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00545-7
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Musculoskeletal diseases are highly prevalent with staggering annual health care costs across the globe. The combined wasting of muscle (sarcopenia) and bone (osteoporosis)-both in normal aging and pathologic states-can lead to vastly compounded risk for fracture in patients. Until now, our therapeutic approach to the...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-014-0204-5
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To identify the use of carbon nanomaterials in bone regeneration and present new data on the regenerative capacity of bone tissue in osteopenic rats treated with graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). RECENT FINDINGS:The results show that the physical and chemical properties of the nanomaterials are suitable f...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-018-0476-2
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis in men is an unrecognized but growing problem as the number of men who live to old age increases. The 10-year fracture risk at age 50 quadruples by age 80, and in general the incidence rate of osteoporotic fracture in men is about half that of women. Of note, the mortality and morbidity after hip fracture...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-996-0030-5
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aims of this review are to summarize current performance for osteoporosis quality measures used by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) for pay-for-performance programs and to describe recent quality improvement strategies around these measures. RECENT FINDINGS:Healthcare Effectiveness Data an...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-019-00547-5
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In addition to the actions of the endocrine hormone, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in stimulating intestinal calcium absorption, the regulation of bone mineral metabolism by 1,25(OH)2D is also considered an important contributor to calcium homeostasis. However, recent evidence suggest that...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-017-0394-8
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Statistical models (SMs) of shape (SSM) and appearance (SAM) have been acquiring popularity in medical image analysis since they were introduced in the early 1990s. They have been primarily used for segmentation, but they are also a powerful tool for 3D reconstruction and classification. All these tasks may be require...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-014-0206-3
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis presents a dilemma for the orthopedic surgeon. Screw fixation within the bone is crucial for mechanical stabilization, maintenance of reduction, and ultimately, fracture healing. For the patient, soft bones and physiological fragility usually benefit from immediate weight bearing and mobility to avoid fur...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11914-012-0124-1
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is the abnormal formation of extra-skeletal bones in periarticular muscles after damage to the central nervous system (CNS) such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, or cerebral anoxia. The purpose of this review is to summarize r...
journal_title：Current osteoporosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11914-020-00636-w
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
