Ethanol tolerance and synaptic plasticity.

abstract：:The discovery of neuropeptides as signaling molecules with paracrine or hormonal regulatory functions has led to trailblazing advances in physiology and fostered the characterization of numerous neuropeptide-binding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as potential drug targets. The impact on human health has been trem...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Romanova EV,Sweedler JV

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pursuit for drugs that inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has been an intense area of research for more than 15 years. The first-generation inhibitors, Flavopiridol and CY-202, are in late-stage clinical trials, but so far have demonstrated only modest activity. Several second-generation inhibitors are now in...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Malumbres M,Pevarello P,Barbacid M,Bischoff JR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticosteroids are highly effective in controlling inflammation and the molecular mechanisms involved are now becoming clear. Activation of glucocorticoid receptors results in increased or decreased transcription of a number of genes involved in the inflammatory process. Of particular importance is the repressio...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Barnes PJ,Adcock I

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Snake venom neurotoxins and lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) proteins, most of the latter being membrane tethered by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, have a variety of biological activities, but their three-finger (3F) folding combines them in one Ly6/neurotoxin family. Subsets of two groups, represented by α-ne...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Tsetlin VI

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and is an important cause of chronic disability. Numerous important advances have been made in our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis, pathology and clinical phenomenology of this disease, and these have underpi...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Schapira AH

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Centrally acting drugs interfere with the function of central neurotransmitter systems. This often requires intact neuronal connections and is therefore best studied in vivo. Here, Gaetano Di Chiara describes the technique of brain dialysis, which permits direct in-vivo sampling of neurotransmitters and their metaboli...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Di Chiara G

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cannabis (marijuana) is not only a frequently abused drug but also has the potential for the development of useful agents for the treatment of emesis, anorexia and multiple sclerosis. In this article, the effects of modulation of transmitter release by cannabinoids in both the CNS and the PNS of various species, inclu...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Schlicker E,Kathmann M

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Attempts to develop neuroprotective treatments for neurodegenerative disorders have not yet been clinically successful. Axonal degeneration has been recognized as a predominant driver of disability and disease progression in central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sc...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Krauss R,Bosanac T,Devraj R,Engber T,Hughes RO

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful biologics must satisfy multiple properties including activity and particular physicochemical features that are globally defined as developability. These multiple properties must be simultaneously optimized in a very broad design space of protein sequences and buffer compositions. In this context, artificial...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Narayanan H,Dingfelder F,Butté A,Lorenzen N,Sokolov M,Arosio P

更新日期：2021-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Degradation of heme requires its conversion to biliverdin (BV) by heme oxygenase, followed by reduction of BV to the free-radical quencher bilirubin (BR) by biliverdin reductase (BVR). It is now recognized that human BVR (hBVR) is a dual-specificity kinase (Ser/Thr and Tyr) upstream activator of the insulin/insulin gr...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Kapitulnik J,Maines MD

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Daily rhythms in behavior, physiology, and metabolism are an integral part of homeostasis. These rhythms emerge from interactions between endogenous circadian clocks and ambient light-dark cycles, sleep-activity cycles, and eating-fasting cycles. Nearly the entire primate genome shows daily rhythms in expression in ti...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Sulli G,Manoogian ENC,Taub PR,Panda S

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical experience with muscarinic agonists in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease includes studies of the effects of pilocarpine, arecoline, bethanechol, oxotremorine and RS 86. Although the results are somewhat conflicting, there is evidence that a subgroup of patients may respond with an improvement o...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Gray JA,Enz A,Spiegel R

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenosine, when given by inhalation, initiates the narrowing of airways in subjects with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The underlying mechanism of this narrowing appears to involve the stimulation of specific mast cell surface adenosine receptors with the subsequent release of mediators and c...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Spicuzza L,Bonfiglio C,Polosa R

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent developments in genetic research using Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided rapid new methods for identifying the genes that control cellular responses to treatment with a wide variety of agents, including chemicals and radiation. This significantly increases the power of yeast as a model system for studying ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Game JC

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The therapeutic advantage of reducing the activity of interleukin 1 (IL-1) resides in preventing its deleterious biological effects without interfering with homeostasis. As such, methods attempting to block the production or activity of IL-1 have now entered clinical trials. For example, IL-1 induction of prostaglandi...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Dinarello CA

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein engineering is a powerful tool for studying relationships between receptor structure and function--providing that it is used and interpreted appropriately. Site-directed mutagenesis, deletion mutagenesis and construction of chimaeric proteins have all been used to characterize receptors. In this review, Walter...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Ward WH,Timms D,Fersht AR

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal Ca2+-sensor (NCS) proteins constitute a subfamily of closely related EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins that are expressed mainly in neurons or retinal photoreceptor cells. A variety of different neuronal functions have been attributed to these proteins. However, important new discoveries indicate that these prote...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Braunewell KH

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary incontinence and other urinary storage symptoms are frequent in the general population but available treatments have limited efficacy and tolerability. Rho kinase (ROCK) has a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction, including that of the urinary bladder. Recent experimental evidence indica...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Peters SL,Schmidt M,Michel MC

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discoidin (DS) domains are found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic extracellular and transmembrane multidomain proteins. These small domains play different functional roles and can interact with phospholipids, glycans, and proteins, including collagens. DS domain-containing proteins are often involved in cellular adhesion...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Villoutreix BO,Miteva MA

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this Opinion is to present a case for targeting sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) in autoimmune/inflammatory disease. Data obtained using Sphk2-/- mice suggest that SK2 is an anti-inflammatory enzyme, although this might be misleading because of a compensatory increase in the expression of a second isoform, sp...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Pyne NJ,Adams DR,Pyne S

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been shown, using different techniques, to mobilize intracellular Ca2+ stores in invertebrate, lower vertebrate, plant and mammalian cells. This endogenous molecule might play an atypical role in Ca2+ signalling by coordinating the responses of other ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Genazzani AA,Billington RA

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) is a member of the AGC (which includes PKD, PKG and PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases that is widely expressed in mammalian tissues. It is closely related in structure, function and regulation to other members of the protein kinase C family, but has specific functions wit...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Konopatskaya O,Poole AW

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase exhibit tissue-specific distribution, and each form is anchored to the cell surface via a particular post-translational modification of the catalytic subunit. Nibaldo Inestrosa and Alejandra Perelman review evidence that heparan sulphate proteoglycans are the extracellular matri...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Inestrosa NC,Perelman A

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been hypothesized that anxiety disorders play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of alcohol drinking behaviors. However, the molecular mechanisms for the association between anxiety and alcohol abuse are not well understood. Structures of the extended amygdala, particularly the central nucleus ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Pandey SC

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complete nucleotide sequences are now available for different species of the animal kingdom: Caenorhabditis elegans - a nematode, Drosophila - an insect, and humans - a mammal. Such information makes it possible to compare the set of nuclear receptors found in these organisms, and to discuss the possible reasons for t...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Enmark E,Gustafsson JA

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prospecting the full biodiversity of nature to find leads for new drugs is not necessary. Because finding leads is aimed at identifying biological activity, structure is of secondary importance. Furthermore, although natural chemical diversity might be unrivalled, functional diversity is bound to be considerably less....

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Tulp M,Bohlin L

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antipsychotic drugs (APDs), and the 'atypical' APDs in particular, are commonly associated with metabolic side effects in humans. These include glucose dysregulation, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, weight gain and hypertension, which put patients at increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. The underlying biol...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Boyda HN,Tse L,Procyshyn RM,Honer WG,Barr AM

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stem cells derived from pre-implantation human embryos or from somatic cells by reprogramming are pluripotent and self-renew indefinitely in culture. Pluripotent stem cells are unique in being able to differentiate to any cell type of the human body. Differentiation towards the cardiac lineage has attracted significan...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Braam SR,Passier R,Mummery CL

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to target specific cell types to achieve optimal distribution of therapeutic entities into diseased tissues, while limiting possible adverse off-target effects, has long been a goal of many research groups and pharmaceutical organizations. This review focuses on peptidic tissue-specific biomarkers that all...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Svensen N,Walton JG,Bradley M

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leukotrienes have physiological roles in innate immune responses and pathological roles in inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atherosclerosis. Anti-leukotriene therapy has proven benefits in the treatment of respiratory disease, either through the inhibition of leukotriene synthesis or the se...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Evans JF,Ferguson AD,Mosley RT,Hutchinson JH

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00