Abstract：
:Complete nucleotide sequences are now available for different species of the animal kingdom: Caenorhabditis elegans - a nematode, Drosophila - an insect, and humans - a mammal. Such information makes it possible to compare the set of nuclear receptors found in these organisms, and to discuss the possible reasons for the differences observed. The human genome sequencing identified few new receptors, which implies that most nuclear receptors have now been found. However, information about polymorphisms and regulating sequences, obtained through genomic sequencing, will be important for understanding receptor function and disease mechanisms. The surprisingly large number of nuclear receptors in C. elegans might have implications for the development of pharmaceuticals and the understanding of the function of these animals. By contrast, Drosophila has few nuclear receptors; however, examination of the unique nuclear receptors provides information about the function of these receptors.
journal_name
Trends Pharmacol Scijournal_title
Trends in pharmacological sciencesauthors
Enmark E,Gustafsson JAdoi
10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01859-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-12-01 00:00:00pages
611-5issue
12eissn
0165-6147issn
1873-3735pii
S0165-6147(00)01859-9journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Mechanisms of opioid tolerance have focused on adaptive modifications within cells containing opioid receptors, defined here as cellular allostasis, emphasizing regulation of the opioid receptor signalosome. We review additional regulatory and opponent processes involved in behavioral tolerance, and include mechanisti...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2016.08.002
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcription factors comprise just over 7% of the human proteome and serve as gatekeepers of cellular function, integrating external signal information into gene expression programs that reconfigure cellular physiology at the most basic levels. Surface-initiated cell signaling pathways converge on transcription facto...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2013.11.005
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane of T cells vitally influence Ca2+-dependent signals that lead ultimately to cytokine secretion, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Conventional models depict the Ca2+ inrush across the T-cell membrane following T-cell receptor engagement as being due to Ca2+-release-activated Ca...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2006.05.007
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to its negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, adenosine has to date been considered as a cardiodepressant agent. However, adenosine increases ventricular automaticity. This review by Jesus Hernández and Alexandre Ribeiro discusses the experimental and clinical evidence for the excitatory effects of adenosine...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(96)81589-6
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Until recently, release studies have failed to indicate the existence of autoreceptors on motor nerves. Ignaz Wessler now reports on a refinement of the technique - the measurement of newly synthesized [3H]acetylcholine released from the phrenic nerve - which provides clear evidence in support of release-modulating au...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(89)90208-3
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multimeric protein complex which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various human inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Recently, various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been reported to be involved in the activ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2018.07.002
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue factor (TF) is the cellular receptor and cofactor for blood coagulation factor VII (FVII). Exposure of flowing blood to cells that express TF leads to the initiation of blood coagulation. A recent study of mice expressing low levels of TF has demonstrated the importance of TF and FVII in maintaining adequate ha...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00121-4
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vascular system is rich in G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), particularly Class 1 GPCRs, which are activated by an eclectic range of chemical entities including peptides. These chemical messengers can function in blood vessels as directly acting vasoconstrictors, directly acting vasodilators or indirectly actin...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2005.07.007
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potent pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are capable of triggering biologically similar effects through activation of the same set of transcription factors. Based on recent findings it is now becoming evident that certain members of the mitogen-activated p...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01097-3
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease that arises from the progressive loss of motoneurons. Even when caused by a single gene defect, as in the case of mutations in the enzyme Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), ALS is the result of a complex cascade that involves crosstalk among motoneurons, glia...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2006.03.009
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genotoxicity of the most potent carcinogen in cigarette smoke [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)] is dependent on the relationship between its activation by cytochrome P450 enzymes and its detoxification by carbonyl reduction to NNK alcohol (NNAL) followed by glucuronidation. Recently, '11 beta-...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01090-0
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) have many etiologies compounded by limited options for treatment. The lack of successful treatments for these disorders stems from the difficulty of gaining effective access to the CNS through the blood-brain barrier, and the irreplaceable nature of neurons. Here, we revie...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.013
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are dynamically regulated by various mechanisms that tune their response to external stimuli. Modulation of their plasma membrane density, via trafficking between subcellular compartments, constitutes an important process in this context. Substantial information has been accumulated...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2008.07.009
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drugs of abuse are very powerful reinforcers, and even in conditions of limited access (where the organism is not dependent) these drugs will motivate high rates of operant responding. This presumed hedonic property and the drugs' neuropharmacological specificity provide a means of studying the neuropharmacology and n...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(92)90060-j
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ubiquitination is a highly conserved post-translational modification that regulates protein trafficking, function, and turnover. Ubiquitin ligases (E3s) conjugate ubiquitin polypeptides on substrates, whereas deubiquitnases (DUBs) reverse ubiquitination. Engineering of chemical antagonists and inhibitors of ubiquitin ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2014.01.005
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine and norepinephrine are important monoamine neurotransmitters implicated in multiple brain mechanisms and regulated by high-affinity transmembrane monoamine transporters. Although knockout mice lacking 5-HT, dopamine or norepinephrine transporters are widely used to assess brain mon...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2007.01.002
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Loss of function of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumour suppressor contributes to the development of many cancers. However, in contrast to classical models of tumour suppression, partial loss of PTEN function appears to be frequently observed in the clinic. In addition, studies of both humans and mice wit...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2010.12.005
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbonic anhydrase isoform IX (CA IX) is highly overexpressed in many types of cancer. Its expression, which is regulated by the HIF-1 transcription factor, is strongly induced by hypoxia and correlates with a poor response to classical chemo- and radiotherapies. CA IX contributes to acidification of the tumor environ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2006.09.002
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept that receptors can exist in multiple conformational states is becoming a physical reality. A fundamental question is how many active states need to be proposed in order to account for pharmacological observations, in particular, the finding that the same receptor type can exhibit a different agonist pharma...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01105-x
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal Ca2+-sensor (NCS) proteins constitute a subfamily of closely related EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins that are expressed mainly in neurons or retinal photoreceptor cells. A variety of different neuronal functions have been attributed to these proteins. However, important new discoveries indicate that these prote...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2005.04.008
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three 'alpha 1-adrenoceptors' and three 'alpha 2-adrenoceptors' have now been cloned. How closely do these receptors match the native receptors that have been identified pharmacologically? What are the properties of these receptors, and how do they relate to other members of the cationic amine receptor family? Kevin L...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(91)90499-i
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All currently available general anesthetics produce potentially deadly side effects. Unfortunately, few approaches have been developed to design safer ones, despite important advances in anesthetic mechanisms research. Cayla and colleagues recently showed that computational methods can be used to identify anesthetic l...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.001
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 27 million people are living with a tumour in which the tumour suppressing activity of p53 has been inactivated. In half of these tumours, p53 itself is not mutated but the pathway is partially abrogated. Mechanisms include the overexpression of negative regulators of p53, such as MDM2 and MDM4, and dele...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2010.11.004
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NMDA and non-NMDA (AMPA/kainate) antagonists have potential in the treatment of a diverse group of neurological disorders associated with excessive activation of excitatory amino acid receptors. Here Michael Rogawski reviews recent progress in the development of therapeutically useful NMDA receptor channel blockers an...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(93)90005-5
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies in mice have identified single molecules that can delay multiple diseases of aging and extend lifespan. In theory, such molecules could prevent dozens of diseases simultaneously, potentially extending healthy years of life. In this review, we discuss recent advances, controversies, opportunities, and ch...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2013.12.004
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current concepts of the mechanisms underlying many of the pharmacological effects of ethanol on the CNS involve disruption of ion channel function via the interaction of ethanol with specific hydrophobic sites on channel subunit proteins. Of particular clinical importance is the development of tolerance and dependence...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(98)01268-1
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a hydrolytic enzyme that recognizes as substrates and inactivates the two most studied endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Following the observation that endocannabinoids produced by tissues during pathological conditions often have protective roles, FAA...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2008.03.001
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addiction biology has focused on the mechanisms of the positive and negative reinforcing actions of addictive drugs but neglected potential benefits. Two new studies provide the first insights into a neurobiology of psychoactive drug instrumentalization. This may help us design better models for addiction neuroscience...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.005
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The British Pharmacological Society (BPS) is currently celebrating its 75th anniversary. It is therefore a young society compared with some other biomedical societies and particularly when compared with the origins of the oldest learned societies. In this article, I briefly review the origins of learned societies and ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2006.01.001
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:K(+) channels are macromolecules embedded in biological membranes, where they play a key role in cellular excitability and signal transduction pathways. Knowledge of their structure should help improve our understanding of their function and lead to the design of therapeutic compounds. Most pharmacological and structu...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00080-4
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
