Abstract:
:The acute effect of ethanol upon the NSD (normalized slope descriptors) or Hjorth parameters of EEG were analyzed in 11 students. The maximal blood-alcohol concentration ranged from 1.0--1.7 mg/l. The activity (mean amplitude) increased and the complexity (frequency spread) decreased significantly as a function of time. The same effect was seen in control subjects, but to a lesser degree. The difference between the test and the control group was, however, significant only for the change in complexity. Changes in the mobility parameter (mean frequency) showed most prominently the interindividual differences: in some a transient increase during increasing blood-alcohol concentration, in others a steady falling tendency. It is concluded that changes in the NSD parameters reflect (1) the depressing effect of both alcohol and the test situation, which was more or less evident in most subjects, and (2) the individual degree of and type of CNS reaction to alcohol consumption. From a social and psychologic point of view, the individual reactions are at least as important as the reactions common to all.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Lehtinen I,Lang AH,Keskinen Edoi
10.1007/BF00429184subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1978-12-15 00:00:00pages
87-92issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE:Individual differences in the rate of nicotine metabolism (RNM) could be related to dependence and success in stopping smoking. A range of studies have examined RNM measured by the ratio of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and cotinine in body fluids (the ratio). A systematic review of this literature is needed to dr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2341-1
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::When tested in adulthood, male rats that had been treated daily with 50 mg/kg hydroxyzine HCl SC at 10--29 or 23--29 days of age were significantly facilitated in performance of delayed spontaneous alternation relative to saline-injected rats. Treatment at 10--16 days of age did not produce significant facilitation in...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427646
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of 3-PPP [conventional and atypical dopamine (DA)-receptor active agent, respectively] were investigated in a commonly used animal model of anxiety: the Vogel licking-conflict test. Low doses (less than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg SC) of both 3-PPP enantiomers resulted in anti-conf...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00210846
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoamine neurotransmitter systems, along with cholinergic systems, are known to play important roles in cognition, and are disrupted in at least some patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). This suggests that monoamine-enhancing drugs might ameliorate cognitive symptoms in certain patients with DAT. L-Dep...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00216016
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:It has been suggested that GABA(B) receptors may be part of a neural substrate mediating some of the effects of ethanol. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this experiment was to investigate, in mice, the effects of ethanol on working memory in a delayed matching-to position (DMTP) task, and additionally to determine ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1875-x
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Functional (pharmacodynamic) ethanol tolerance can be evidenced within a single session of exposure to ethanol (acute or within-session tolerance), or after repeated ethanol exposures (chronic or between-session tolerance). To investigate whether acute and chronic tolerance to ethanol are inter...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100722
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Previous studies have investigated the occupancy of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) after clinical doses of citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In the present study, the occupancies of SERT after multiple doses of escitalopram and citalopram were compared using the radioli...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0666-y
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ferret predation on rats was examined in an arena. One hour before the test one of the following drugs was administered. d-Amphetamine (0.8 and 1.4 mg/kg IM), MAPROTILINE (10 AND 40 Mg/kg orally), L-dopa (30 and 60 mg/kg orally), or haloperidol (0.14 and 0.6 mg/kg IM). Provided that capture was successful, the sequenc...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427524
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Initial sensitivity to drugs of abuse often predicts subsequent use and abuse, but this relationship is not always observed in human studies. Moreover, studies examining the relationship between initial locomotor sensitivity and the rewarding and reinforcing effects of drugs in animal models have also been eq...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-4834-7
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is commonly believed that repeated exposures diminish the pleasurable effects of drugs and hence that pleasure must have only a minor role in addiction. In six experiments with rats, repeated exposures to amphetamine, morphine, or cocaine were found to enhance the drug-induced rewarding effect as measured by condit...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00451687
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic treatment of rats with choline caused a decrease in the hypothermic response to pilocarpine. The action of choline on the muscarinic receptors is consistent with electrophysiological and binding studies, supporting a direct muscarinic action for choline. Administration of direct muscarinic agonists has been sh...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427955
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A previous study found that a 10-min bout of moderate intensity exercise reduced cigarette withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke in sedentary smokers but the effect may have been due to participants focusing attention on physical activity rather than the activity itself. OBJECTIVES:This study examined the ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1762-x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In an animal model for vulnerability to drug abuse, rats that are more reactive to a novel environment (high responders, HRs) are more sensitive to behavioral effects of psychostimulants than are less reactive rats (low responders, LRs). In a companion article, we reported that HRs and LRs differ in sensitivi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1921-8
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::After learning a light-cued, go-no go successive discrimination to criterion, male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide on six performance sessions, followed by two drug-recovery (saline) sessions. Chlordiazepoxide impaired discrimination performance in a dose-dependent manner, with animals ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00652237
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Typical neuroleptic medications are still administered to as many as 40% of patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in the US. Intermittent administration or interruption of long-term neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia may increase the incidence of human tardive dyskinesias, and similarly may produce...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130000572
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral administration of the serotonin (5-HT) precursor L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 200 mg, significantly increased plasma cortisol levels in man. L-5-HTP had no significant effect on the plasma prolactin levels. A borderline effect of 5-HTP on plasma ACTH levels was found. Pretreatment with the 5-HT2/5-HT1c antagoni...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244213
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy levels needed for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia remain to be elucidated. We examined 3-year clinical outcomes of patients with schizophrenia who received long-acting injectable risperidone (LAI risperidone) at baseline and investigated their dopamine D2 receptor ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4428-1
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nine human subjects were exposed to a multiple fixed-ratio (FR) differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule of monetary reinforcement. Presses on a manipulandum requiring relatively high force were occasionally followed by an increased money total displayed on a computer screen. Subjects were exposed to the ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00177913
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained to peck each of two response keys. Periods during which pecks on one key (the food key) produced access to grain according to a random-ratio 80 schedule alternated irregularly with periods during which food-key responses had no scheduled consequences (extinction). Both keys remained amber unless a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00422418
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten rats were trained to lever press for food reward on a schedule of differential reinforcement of low rates of response with a 20-s criterion (DRL 20). Ten more were trained on a new schedule of punishment, designed to be comparable to DRL 20 - differential punishment of high rates of response (DPH 20). Under this s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431812
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:It is important to study age-related differences that may put adolescents at risk for alcohol-related problems. Adolescents seem less sensitive to the aversive effects of ethanol than adults. Less is known of appetitive effects of ethanol and stress modulation of these effects. OBJECTIVES:This study aims to ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3163-0
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies indicate that some aspects of endotoxin-induced sickness behavior in rats may be mediated by interleukin-1 stimulated events and can be attenuated by corticosteroids, cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist. In the current studies, we replicate and extend these findings in ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050353
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in children might differ from that in adults. OBJECTIVES:This study aims to establish a dose-response relationship for melatonin in advancing dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), sleep onset (SO), and reducing sleep onset latency (SOL) in children between 6 and 12 years with chroni...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1962-0
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown that pretreatment with dopamine (DA) receptor blockers disrupts the effect of intravenously (IV) and intracerebrally (ICV), but not intraperitoneally (IP) administered cocaine on place preference conditioning (PPC). The present study was undertaken to further evaluate possible differences between IV ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00735892
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prospective study of response to treatment with nortriptyline was carried out in a group of 14 inpatients with mixed symptoms of depression and dementia. Platelet membrane fluidity, as reflected by the fluorescence anisotropy of DPH labeled membranes, was determined for all 14 drug-free subjects prior to treatment b...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00174688
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Dopamine (DA) agonists reliably disrupt prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex in animals but less so in humans despite cross-species similarities in the neural regulation of PPI. This study examines whether individual variation in baseline PPI may account for the inconsistencies in DA...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0056-x
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were maintained on a regimen of restricted access to water. Desipramine (DMI) IP 1 h prior to the access period dose-dependently reduced water intake. Following completion of the dose-response determination for the effect of desipramine or water intake, rats were divided into three groups for repeated administrat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431934
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Caffeine has a well-established effect on reaction times (RTs) but the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this are unclear. METHODS:In the present study, 15 female participants performed an oddball task after ingesting caffeine or a placebo, and electroencephalographic data were obtained. Single-trial P3b...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4790-7
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Postmortem and positron emission tomography (PET) studies have reported several alterations in serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT(1A)) binding parameters in patients with schizophrenia. This study examines 5-HT(1A) availability in vivo in individuals with schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder. MATERIALS AND ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0543-8
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Rats selectively bred for high saccharin (HiS) intake consume more alcohol and acquire intravenous (i.v.) cocaine self-administration more rapidly than their low saccharin (LoS)-consuming counterparts. The present experiment was designed to determine whether HiS and LoS rats differed in other aspects of drug ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0600-3
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00