Abstract：
:Nine human subjects were exposed to a multiple fixed-ratio (FR) differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule of monetary reinforcement. Presses on a manipulandum requiring relatively high force were occasionally followed by an increased money total displayed on a computer screen. Subjects were exposed to the schedule until their behaviour had stabilized. Prior to each of the next three sessions they were administered 0.85 g/kg alcohol. In eight of the nine subjects the initial effect of alcohol was to increase FR response rate and, consequently, reinforcement rate. Subsequent alcohol administration resulted in sensitization: even greater rate-increasing effects. In two further control sessions behaviour returned towards baseline level. DRL response rate was slightly increased by alcohol, but reinforcement rate remained unchanged. There was no consistent change in DRL response or reinforcement rates from the first to the third alcohol sessions. The effects of alcohol on human behaviour were similar to the effects found in studies with animals. The results were also consistent with the view that the changes in behaviour which occur with repeated drug administration depend in part on whether the initial effect of the drug is to increase, decrease or produce no change in reinforcement rate.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Rumbold GR,White JMdoi
10.1007/BF00177913subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-01-01 00:00:00pages
186-91issue
2eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The effects of caffeine (1-100 mg/kg, IP), (-)N-((R)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-adenosine (PIA) (0.01-1 mg/kg, IP), and of the two drugs in combination were studied in mice responding under a mult FR30 FI600 s schedule of food presentation. The lowest dose of caffeine, 1 mg/kg, had no effect on responding under either co...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432506
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246211
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-018-4906-8
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic nicotine infusion has been found in a series of studies in our laboratory to significantly improve choice accuracy of rats in the eight-arm radial maze. The current study was designed to compare the effects of chronic nicotine infusion on working and reference memory in a 16-arm radial maze. Nicotine was admin...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02805971
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravenous self-administration of d-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg/injection) decreased in a dose-related fashion after injections of the dopaminergic agonists apomorphine and piribedil. The dopaminergic agonists appear to suppress amphetamine intake in the same way as do 'free' amphetamine injections, by extending drug sat...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427393
更新日期：1978-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Rats reared in social isolation exhibit various cognitive and behavioural abnormalities in adulthood. However, impulsivity following this treatment still remains unclear, especially in response to medications used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, such as amphetamine. METHODS:Using an isolation-r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4579-8
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426525
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most post-mortem autoradiographic studies have described striatal dopamine D(2) receptor up-regulation due to chronic neuroleptic exposure. The aim of our study was to compare in-vivo striatal D(2) receptor density in neuroleptic-naive and neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients. We included 28 young (mean age: 28+/-8...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1644-2
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-013-3102-0
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02244887
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Changes in serotonin(1B) (5-HT(1B)) receptor function appear to modify the reinforcing properties of cocaine, but the direction of this effect is not completely clear. Pharmacological stimulation of 5-HT(1B) enhanced the rewarding properties of self-administered cocaine while attenuating the threshold-reducin...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1145-8
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00518193
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To test the Pavlovian conditioning model of alcohol tolerance, two groups of eight male social drinkers each received five administrations of alcohol and five administrations of an equal volume of tonic each, on an alternating basis, during the initial 10-session tolerance development phase of the study. Group 1 recei...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00310519
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to study trends in smoking withdrawal symptoms, 35 participants in a smoking cessation clinic completed four questionnaires daily for 2 weeks. The questionnaire dealt with a variety of symptoms which a factor analysis showed could be grouped into four factors: stimulation, desire to smoke, and physical and ps...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00634151
更新日期：1976-10-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432756
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244238
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000398
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s002130050687
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-012-2734-9
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000468
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246414
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3833-6
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-004-2060-y
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the mood response of schizophrenic subjects to psychostimulant challenge, 29 neuroleptic-treated subjects (22 with schizophrenia and 7 with schizoaffective disorder) in clinical remission received two infusions, one with methylphenidate 0.5 mg/kg and the other with normal saline, under double-blind cond...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02244317
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basal morning humoral (H)-endorphin blood levels were assessed in ten autistic patients, 12 chronic schizophrenic patients and 11 healthy control subjects. Four autistic patients and four schizophrenic patients were drug free for at least 6 months while all other psychiatric patients were under treatment with antidopa...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427687
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous and amphetamine-elicited locomotor activity in rats is reduced by most clinically effective antipsychotic drugs. We have recently demonstrated that intracerebroventricular infusion of kainic acid (KA), which produces cell loss in the hippocampus and other limbic-cortical brain regions, increases spontaneou...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050509
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Neurobiological models of addiction suggest that abnormalities of brain reward circuitry distort salience attribution and inhibitory control processes, which in turn contribute to high relapse rates. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study is to determine whether impairments of salience attribution and inhibitory c...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-010-1975-8
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The administration of large doses of probenecid has been used to study the central nervous system metabolism of catecholamines and indoleamines in patients with affective disease. It has been reported that alterations of the binding of L-tryptophan to plasma albumin binding sites occur during probenecid administration...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00492369
更新日期：1977-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:In mice, quipazine has shown several behavioral effects: It antagonizes hypothermia induced by a high dose of apomorphine without altering climbing or stereotyped behavior; it antagonizes oxotremorine-induced hypothermia without altering tremors or peripheral signs; and it increases the toxicity of yohimbine. These th...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00431273
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To confirm the conclusions from a previous study supporting the usefullness of electropupillogram (E.P.G.) in predicting clinical response, data from three separate studies with hyperkinetic and learning disabled (L.D.) children treated with stimulants were surveyed. Change in extent of pupillary contraction (E.C.) af...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426885
更新日期：1978-04-28 00:00:00
