Abstract：
RATIONALE:An increased risk of drug intake produced by drug cues may reflect the fact that the cues are withdrawal-like or aversive, reflecting a conditioned adaptation to the drug's acute effects. More recent work suggests that they may also be appetitive, signalling the goal characteristics of drug taking. OBJECTIVE:These opposing mechanisms were tested in dependent smokers and in social drinkers by examining the motivational nature of drug cues that overlap differentially with the acute effects of the drug. METHODS:Pictures of different phases of smoking or alcohol drinking were presented to deprived and non-deprived smokers, to never smokers and non-deprived smokers or to social drinkers. Desire for cigarettes or alcohol and momentary pleasure and arousal were measured after viewing an experimental picture or a pleasant, neutral or unpleasant control scene. RESULTS:High desire for smoking was evoked by pictures of preparation for and actual smoking but not by scenes of the end of smoking, although the latter were best correlated with acute drug effect. This pattern was not affected by overnight smoke deprivation, it was seen in different smokers but not in never-smokers and it was replicated in social drinkers using pictures of alcohol consumption. Moreover, scenes evoking high desire to consume did not evoke states of momentary unpleasantness and they were seen as relaxing and not arousing. Control pictures had a minimal effect on desire to consume. CONCLUSIONS:In line with incentive models of drug cues, cues based on pictures of drug intake may be conditioned stimuli encoding cue approach and preparation for consumption.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Mucha RF,Geier A,Pauli Pdoi
10.1007/s002130051172subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-01 00:00:00pages
306-13issue
3eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
147pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：RATIONALE:Although the behavioral effects of systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been extensively investigated, the modulation of these effects by natural environmental factors has received little attention. OBJECTIVES:The present study investigated whether or not locomotor activity reductions and the ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1554-3
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present report investigated several parametric and pharmacological aspects of the enhanced self-grooming behavior of rats following systemic administration of the selective D1 dopamine (DA) receptor agonist SKF 38393. The amount of time that rats spent grooming themselves was measured continuously for 30 min follo...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245478
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The place-preference paradigm was evaluated as a measure of morphine's positive reinforcing properties. Previous place-preference studies obtained a morphine place preference of 26%-63%. In order to examine whether differences in procedure may account for this scatter, the present experiment investigated whether there...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432040
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:One third of US smokers are intermittent smokers (ITS) who do not smoke daily. Unlike daily smokers (DS), whose smoking is negatively reinforced by withdrawal relief, ITS may be motivated by immediate positive reinforcement. In contrast, incentive salience theory posits hypothesis that "liking" of drug effect...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4682-x
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:6-Hydroxydopamine (6OH-DA) pretreatment increased the aggressive behavior induced by marihuana in REM sleep-deprived rats. Brain catecholamine assays revealed that 6OH-DA depleted popamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) to a different extent, increasing the DA/NE ratio. Intraventricular injection of NE significantly dec...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00423257
更新日期：1976-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Cannabis (CB) use and dependence are associated with regionally specific alterations to brain circuitry and substantial psychosocial impairment. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to investigate the association between CB use and dependence, and the volumes of brain regions critically involved in goa...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4606-9
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Naturally low prepulse inhibition (PPI) in DBA/2 mice is increased by marketed antipsychotics and compounds acting at novel targets relevant to schizophrenia. Whether other mouse strains with naturally low PPI respond similarly and could be translational models of schizophrenia is unknown. OBJECTIVE:Baseline...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2196-5
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Delaying presentation of a drug can decrease its effectiveness as a reinforcer, but the effect of delaying punishment of drug self-administration is unknown. OBJECTIVE:This study examined whether a histamine injection could punish cocaine self-administration in a drug-drug choice, whether delaying histamine ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2501-3
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracerebroventricular injections of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and of the GABA-transaminase inhibitor, ethanolamine-O-sulphate (EOS), decreased the food intake of freely-fed (GABA and EOS) and food-deprived rats (EOS). The effect, still evident 24 h after treatment, was not decreased by the GABA receptor-blocker...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432135
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was conducted to determine whether methadone maintenance alters the pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of cocaine. Twenty-two current users of IV cocaine who were not seeking treatment for their illicit cocaine use participated while living on a research unit. Eleven were maintained on methadone...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02246276
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preclinical studies suggest that acoustic startle amplitude is increased during ethanol withdrawal. The current study evaluated the effects of intravenous infusion of the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg), the serotonin partial agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP, 0.1 mg/kg), and placebo administ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002130050285
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Clozapine is a unique antipsychotic with very low propensity to cause motor side effects. In contrast to most other antipsychotics that block more than 70% of dopamine D(2) receptors at therapeutic doses, clozapine occupies less than 70%. Furthermore, even at maximum occupancy, 70% is not exceeded. Several me...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-001-0967-0
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Catecholamine transmission modulates numerous cognitive and reward-related processes that can subserve more complex functions such as cost/benefit decision making. Dopamine has been shown to play an integral role in decisions involving reward uncertainty, yet there is a paucity of research investigating the c...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-015-3904-3
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A continuing challenge for preclinical research on anxiolytic drugs is to capture the affective dimension that characterizes anxiety and aggression, either in their adaptive forms or when they become of clinical concern. Experimental protocols for the preclinical study of anxiolytic drugs typically involve the suppres...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02245590
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Alzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. A combination of cholinergic and glutamatergic dysfunction appears to underlie the symptomatology of AD, and thus, treatment strategies should address impairments in both systems. Evidence sugges...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1092-0
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Control of reward-seeking behavior under conditions of punishment is an important function for survival. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS:We designed a task in which rats could choose to either press a lever and obtain a food pellet accompanied by a footshock or refrain from pressing the lever to avoid footshock, in r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05398-7
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two sets of experiments were carried out to compare the effects of fenfluramine and fluoxetine on consummatory and operant behaviour. In food-deprived rats allowed access to a 35% sucrose solution, an initial period of sucrose consumption was followed by a short period of grooming and exploratory behaviour, later supe...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245933
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioral effects of the benzodiazepine (BZP)-receptor partial inverse agonists, beta-CCE and FG 7142, are reviewed and the claim that these compounds possess "anxiogenic" properties is examined. Results obtained from human studies and global observations in animals, as well as those from experiments on aggressio...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00212837
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Depressed patients robustly exhibit affective biases in emotional processing which are altered by SSRIs and predict clinical outcome. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study is to investigate whether psilocybin, recently shown to rapidly improve mood in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), alters patients' e...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4754-y
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of behaviors were studied in an open-field setting after i.v. amphetamine (0.5, 2.0, 8.0 mg/kg), phenmetrazine (1.0, 4.0, 16.0 mg/kg), or fenfluramine (1.0, 4.0, 16.0 mg/kg). Amphetamine and phenmetrazine increased ambulation initially and rearing during the whole experiment, and decreased grooming. At 30 an...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01457847
更新日期：1977-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Five elderly depressed patients were treated with amitriptyline (AT) and nortriptyline (NT) in turn, in a cross-over design. Steady-state plasma drug levels were compared with those calculated for eight healthy subjects of previous single-dose studies. Plasma clearances were on average about 2.5 times lower in the pat...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00436164
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NNC 756 is a new benzazepine with high affinity and selectivity for D1-dopamine receptors. In a double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study, positron emission tomography and the radioligand [11C]SCH 23390 were used to determine central D1-dopamine receptor occupancy after a single oral dose of 80 mg NNC 756 in ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02246046
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of alcohol on locomotor activity of group- and individually-housed mice were studied using direct ethological observations, including a detailed postural analysis and measures of both locomotion and immobility. Ethanol (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, IP) was given to subjects placed alone in a novel cage, and v...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00464793
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Naloxone HCl (10 micrograms/0.5 ml) was injected in the locus coeruleus (LC) of morphine-dependent rats and the behavioural manifestations of morphine withdrawal and the cortical levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4) were measured 30 min later. Naloxone precipitated a withdrawal syndrome...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00187263
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The indirect dopamine agonist methylphenidate remediates cognitive deficits in psychopathology, but the individual characteristics that determine its effects on the brain are not known. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to determine whether targeted dopaminergically modulated traits and individual differences could predic...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-016-4307-9
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine have the common action of increasing dopamine metabolism in the striatum (nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen) of the rat. Intracerebroventricular administration of kainic acid (KA) produces neuronal loss in limbic-cortical brain regions which project directly or indire...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050384
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The intake of psychostimulant drugs may induce cognitive dysfunction and negative affective-like states, and is associated with increased activity of stress-responsive systems. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system mediates neuroendocrine, behavioural and autonomic responses to stressors, and might ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3534-1
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Repeated social stress experiences engender "behavioral sensitization" and may also increase the potential for abuse of psychomotor stimulants, particularly cocaine use during "binges." OBJECTIVE:Experimental protocols were designed to induce behavioral sensitization through exposures to social-defeat stress...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130100858
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When injected IP, the M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine dose-dependently induced a deficit in passive avoidance learning in rats. This activity was optimal at 75 mg/kg injected 1 h before the acquisition session. The deficit induced by pirenzepine was antagonized by oxotremorine (0.03-0.3 mg/kg SC) and phy...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00444707
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous and amphetamine-elicited locomotor activity in rats is reduced by most clinically effective antipsychotic drugs. We have recently demonstrated that intracerebroventricular infusion of kainic acid (KA), which produces cell loss in the hippocampus and other limbic-cortical brain regions, increases spontaneou...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050509
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
