Abstract:
:A continuing challenge for preclinical research on anxiolytic drugs is to capture the affective dimension that characterizes anxiety and aggression, either in their adaptive forms or when they become of clinical concern. Experimental protocols for the preclinical study of anxiolytic drugs typically involve the suppression of conditioned or unconditioned social and exploratory behavior (e.g., punished drinking or social interactions) and demonstrate the reversal of this behavioral suppression by drugs acting on the benzodiazepine-GABAA complex. Less frequently, aversive events engender increases in conditioned or unconditioned behavior that are reversed by anxiolytic drugs (e.g., fear-potentiated startle). More recently, putative anxiolytics which target 5-HT receptor subtypes produced effects in these traditional protocols that often are not systematic and robust. We propose ethological studies of vocal expressions in rodents and primates during social confrontations, separation from social companions, or exposure to aversive environmental events as promising sources of information on the affective features of behavior. This approach focuses on vocal and other display behavior with clear functional validity and homology. Drugs with anxiolytic effects that act on the benzodiazepine-GABAA receptor complex and on 5-HT1A receptors systematically and potently alter specific vocalizations in rodents and primates in a pharmacologically reversible manner; the specificity of these effects on vocalizations is evident due to the effectiveness of low doses that do not compromise other physiological and behavioral processes. Antagonists at the benzodiazepine receptor reverse the effects of full agonists on vocalizations, particularly when these occur in threatening, startling and distressing contexts. With the development of antagonists at 5-HT receptor subtypes, it can be anticipated that similar receptor-specificity can be established for the effects of 5-HT anxiolytics.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Miczek KA,Weerts EM,Vivian JA,Barros HMdoi
10.1007/BF02245590subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-01 00:00:00pages
38-56issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
121pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Nine VA Medical Centers are participating in a 2-year double-blind placebo controlled study of antioxidant treatment for tardive dyskinesia (TD) conducted by the Department of Veteran Affairs Cooperative Studies Program. One of the principal outcome measures of this study is the score derived from the instrumental ass...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s002130050320
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The mechanism involved in AD is complex, which has prompted to develop compounds that could simultaneously interact with several potential targets. Here, we report a new synthesized compound SCR-1693 which is designed to target both AChE and calcium channels that are potential for AD therapy. OBJECTIVES:We i...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4133-5
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cannabinoid antagonists purportedly have greater effects in reducing the intake of highly palatable food compared to less palatable food. However, this assertion is based on free-feeding studies in which the amount of palatable food eaten under baseline conditions is often confounded with other variables, suc...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3366-4
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Many previous studies have reported that alcohol and cannabis produce additive psychomotor effects in acute combination, but few have explicitly tested whether chronic exposure to cannabis, in the absence of acute administration, alters the effects of alcohol on psychomotor performance. OBJECTIVES:To test wh...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-001-0955-4
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Nicotine replacement is commonly used to treat tobacco use in heavy-drinking smokers. However, few studies have examined the effect of nicotine replacement on subjective and physiological responses to alcohol and alcohol drinking behavior. OBJECTIVE:The primary aim of this within-subject, double-blind study ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0952-3
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were trained in a Y-maze on a two-choice simultaneous black-white discrimination with either black or white as S+. Animals were then transferred to one of three discrimination tasks. In task 1 (New S-), a new stimulus, either vertical or horizontal stripes, was substituted for the original S-. In task 2 (New S+),...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00179945
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterised by compulsive drug use and loss of control over drug intake. Although several theories propose impulsivity as a key component of addiction, the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:This study aims to investigate the s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2558-z
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are expressed in the prefrontal cortex, but their role in mediating executive functions such as behavioral flexibility is unclear. OBJECTIVE:The present study examined the effect of pharmacological activation or blockade of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors on behavioral flexibility usi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0421-4
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to study trends in smoking withdrawal symptoms, 35 participants in a smoking cessation clinic completed four questionnaires daily for 2 weeks. The questionnaire dealt with a variety of symptoms which a factor analysis showed could be grouped into four factors: stimulation, desire to smoke, and physical and ps...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00634151
更新日期:1976-10-20 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Decision-making is a complex cognitive process that is mediated, in part, by subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Decision-making is impaired in a number of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia. Notably, people with schizophrenia exhibit reductions in GABA function in the same PFC areas...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3816-7
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors are thought to be the primary pharmacological mechanisms for serotonin-mediated hallucinogenic drugs, but recently there has been interest in metabotropic glutamate (mGluR2) receptors as contributors to the mechanism of hallucinogens. OBJECTIVE:The present study assesses...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3658-3
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The augmentation effect of (-)pindolol as used in combination with SSRI to treat major depression has been ascribed to blocking of dorsal raphe nucleus cell body 5-HT autoreceptors. In this study, the radioligand [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 and positron emission tomography were used to establish whether pindolol at a cli...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130051009
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The antidepressant nortriptyline is a second-line pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Given that there is limited preclinical data available on the effects of nortriptyline on responses to nicotine, the present study sought to evaluate its effects on the reinforcing, discriminative stimulus (DS) and aversi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2413-2
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Alcohol has been shown to increase smoking urges and smoking behavior. However, alcohol's effects on specific components of smoking behavior for nicotine versus non-nicotine factors and potential sex differences in this response have not been investigated. METHODS:Forty-two young male and female non-depen...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1638-9
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of eight serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists on the anorectic effect of d-fenfluramine (3.0 mg/kg, IP) were examined in a test of sweet mash consumption, using non-deprived male rats. d-Fenfluramine's effect was attenuated by the mixed 5-HT1/5-HT2 receptor antagonists, methiothepin and metergoline; by th...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00442252
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The characterization of self-administration (SA) under extended access conditions is necessary for the development of addiction models. OBJECTIVE:The purposes of this experiment were to investigate: (1) dose effects on the initiation of cocaine SA under extended access conditions; (2) predictable individual ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100744
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:We test methods to advance (shift earlier) circadian rhythms without producing misalignment between rhythms and sleep. We previously tested (1) a gradually advancing sleep/dark schedule plus morning bright light and afternoon/evening melatonin and (2) the same sleep schedule with only morning bright light. No...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2869-8
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol drinking may lead to increased aggression in certain individuals, and both fighting and drinking increase levels of dopamine and serotonin in mesocorticolimbic structures. Assessing the dynamic changes in these neurotransmitters during the course of drinking and fighting has remained challenging. OB...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0637-3
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The phenomenon of sensitization has been theoretically implicated in mediating various aspects of drug addiction. Recent dose-response studies demonstrated that pretreatment with the putative antiaddictive agent, ibogaine (IBO), and a synthetic iboga alkaloid congener, 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC), increase...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130000478
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Demonstrations of associative tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine, not confounded by practice or novelty effects, have been restricted to the tail-flick and flinch-jump tests. OBJECTIVES:Experiment 1 investigated whether associative tolerance would be found on two other nociceptive assessment meth...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130051077
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Information is sparse on neurotransmitter deficiencies in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in particular with reference to distinct histological subgroups and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES:To evaluate in FTD with the major histologies, and compare with AD and controls, neurotransmission indices, as thes...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0992-8
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A combined analysis of data from 11 controlled studies of loxapine versus either chlorpromazine or trifluoperazine in acute schizophrenia (5 studies) and chronic schizophrenia (6 studies) showed statistically significant superiority of loxapine on several items and factors of standardized psychiatric rating scales. Up...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431725
更新日期:1977-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Varenicline is believed to work, in part, by reducing craving responses to smoking cues and by reducing general levels of craving; however, these hypotheses have never been evaluated with craving assessed in the natural environments of treatment-seeking smokers. OBJECTIVES:Ecological momentary assessment pro...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2698-9
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons trained under a two-key drug discrimination procedure eventually learned to discriminate 5 mg/kg phenytoin from saline injections. When 1.25-20 mg/kg doses of phenytoin were substituted for the training dose, the percentage of responses directed to the phenytoin-appropriate key varied directly with dose. Chlor...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433021
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forskolin, a diterpene isolated from the plant Coleus forskolii, activates the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase, resulting in a hormone receptor-independent increase in the intracellular production of cyclic AMP. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of chronic in vivo infusion of forskolin on noradrene...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432514
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Previously, we have shown that d-amphetamine (AMPH) was more potent than d-methamphetamine (METH) at increasing extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) at doses that had similar effects in the nucleus accumbens. Since working memory depends on PFC DA, it was postulated that AMPH w...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1522-y
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Nicotine displays rewarding and aversive effects, and while dopamine has been linked with nicotine's reward, the neurotransmitter(s) involved with aversion remains speculative. The kappa-dynorphinergic system has been associated with negative motivational and affective states, and whether dynorphin (Dyn) cont...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1315-4
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Research on the effects of nicotine abstinence and nicotine replacement has not provided consistent information about the impact of replacement therapies on tobacco withdrawal and craving. OBJECTIVE:. This study investigated craving and withdrawal symptoms over a 72-h period of abstinence from cigarettes. M...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1176-1
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In animal studies, the common club drug 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") consistently caused a prolonged loss of presynaptic serotonergic neurons, and evidence suggests that MDMA consumption may also affect the human serotonergic system. Serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in the regulation...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0256-4
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Central CB1 cannabinoid receptors regulate anxiety-like and appetitive consummatory behaviors. Pharmacological antagonism/inverse-agonism of CB1 receptors increases anxiety and decreases appetitive behaviors; however, neither well-defined dose nor context dependence of these effects has been simultaneously as...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3042-8
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00