Abstract：
RATIONALE:Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterised by compulsive drug use and loss of control over drug intake. Although several theories propose impulsivity as a key component of addiction, the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:This study aims to investigate the short- and longer-term effects of chronic nicotine administration on behavioural inhibition. METHODS:Rats were trained on a symmetrically reinforced go/no-go task, following which they were subcutaneously prepared with osmotic minipumps delivering either nicotine (3.16 mg kg(-1) day(-1) (freebase)) or saline for 7 days. Performance was assessed daily during chronic treatment, in early and late abstinence, and in response to acute nicotine challenges following prolonged abstinence. RESULTS:Chronic nicotine resulted in a transient reduction in inhibitory control. Spontaneous withdrawal was associated with a nicotine abstinence syndrome, the early stages of which were characterised by a significant increase in inhibitory control. This was, however, short-lived with a decrease in inhibition observed in the second week of abstinence. Whilst performance returned to baseline by the end of the third week, acute challenges (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 mg/kg, SC) revealed that nicotine exposure had sensitised animals to the disinhibitory effects of the compound. CONCLUSIONS:Drug-induced loss of inhibitory control may be critically involved both in the initial and later stages of addiction. Neuroadaptations occurring during chronic exposure to and/or withdrawal from nicotine render animals more sensitive to the disinhibitory effects of the drug. Longer-term changes in behaviour may play an important role in the increased susceptibility to relapse in those with a history of nicotine abuse.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Kolokotroni KZ,Rodgers RJ,Harrison AAdoi
10.1007/s00213-011-2558-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
453-68issue
2eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
219pub_type
杂志文章abstract：RATIONALE:The progesterone metabolite 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP) is an important modulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and stress-induced corticosterone response. Typically, 3alpha,5alpha-THP levels are increased in response to acute stress, which may then reduce corticosterone ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0253-7
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to study the role of dopamine (DA) in the regulation of seizure mechanisms in man, a non-emetic dose of apomorphine, a direct stimulant of DA receptors, was administered to eight patients effected by different types of epilepsy. The EEG changes induced by apomorphine administration in comparison to those elic...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00427814
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of single and long-term haloperidol administration on rat open field behavior was studied. Withdrawal from long-term haloperidol treatment induced a significant increase in all parameters of activity recorded, except rearing. There was a direct relationship between the impairment of motor function induced ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00429212
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the enantiomers of 3-PPP on the maintenance of conditioned avoidance responding (CAR) were studied. The weak classical dopamine (DA) agonist (+)-3-PPP failed to interfere with CAR at any dose tested (0.8-13.6 mg/kg). Low doses of the drug produced sedation, while high doses produced behavioural stimulat...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00439266
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:It is widely assumed that the upcoming therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease will require to act on more than one target to be effective. We investigated here whether a combination of the nicotinic receptor allosteric modulator/cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine can act synergistically with the type 4 serotonin re...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4664-z
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Recent studies using positron emission tomography (PET) have established the relationship between an intravenous dose of cocaine and the percentage occupancy of the dopamine transporter in humans, and have documented the requirement of more than 50% occupancy for perception of the "high". The present experim...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130051093
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a phase II study the antidepressive effect of citalopram, a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was examined in 20 endogenously and three non-endogenously depressed hospitalized patients. Four endogenously depressed patients dropped out due to deterioration early in the treatment period. The remainin...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00464566
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three sets of experiments were carried out in a Y water maze in which mice had to swim toward the light or the dark, in two different procedures. The first procedure involved, orientation toward a light source (L procedure), corresponding to natural preference, the latter involved orientation toward the dark (D proced...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00496858
更新日期：1976-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Transdermal nicotine has been shown to relieve nicotine withdrawal and to double smoking cessation rates compared to placebo in clinical trials. A 21 or 22 mg/day dose provides a steady state serum nicotine that is less than obtained from smoking. Limited information is available about higher nicotine patch doses. To ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246542
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:An increased risk of drug intake produced by drug cues may reflect the fact that the cues are withdrawal-like or aversive, reflecting a conditioned adaptation to the drug's acute effects. More recent work suggests that they may also be appetitive, signalling the goal characteristics of drug taking. OBJECTIVE...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130051172
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Schizophrenia is a disorder with cognitive deficits that could stem from cholinergic dysfunction. OBJECTIVES:Our aim was to examine if donepezil administered to stable, medicated outpatients with schizophrenia improves cognition and psychopathology. METHODS:We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled tri...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-2235-1
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:The mechanisms underlying relapse to cocaine seeking induced by exposure to priming cocaine injections, cues associated with cocaine self-administration and environmental stressors have been studied in rats. Here we describe a reinstatement method for studying relapse to cocaine seeking in mice...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1047-9
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Reduction of body temperature is used as predictor of psychotropic drug action. The cutaneous circulation functions as a heat-loss component of temperature regulation. Clozapine and olanzapine reverse hyperthermia and sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction induced by MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymetha...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-004-1850-6
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cortical and hippocampal EEGs in animal models of schizophrenia were compared to those obtained with psychotomimetics or antipsychotic agents by utilizing power spectral analysis. Models of positive schizophrenic symptoms were created with methamphetamine (MAP) and cocaine, and a model of both negative and positive sy...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050306
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new benzamide, cis-N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin - 3 - yl) - 5 - chloro - 2 - methoxy - 4 - methylaminobenzamide (YM-09151-2) exhibited more potent and longer-lasting inhibitory effects on apomorphine-induced behaviours (stereotyped behaviour, emesis and hypothermia), and methamphetamine-induced stereotyped behavio...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00429198
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of 5-HT1 receptor agonists to modulate a chemically induced defence response has been studied in Lister hooded rats. Microinjections of the excitatory amino acid D,L-homocysteic acid (DLH) in both rostral and caudal dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) caused explosive motor behaviour characteristic of ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245294
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BALB/cJ, DBA/2J, and C57BL/6J mice were injected with caffeine and tested, in the five choice Yerkes-Thompson Bryant-Bovt Nitti apparatus for patterns discrimination, in two sets of experiments. In the first the patterns were opposite oriented oblique bars, in the second U-shaped figures, one opened toward the right, ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00431632
更新日期：1977-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The mood-altering properties of amphetamine (AMPH) in humans (euphoria and depression) have been postulated to be related to the increases and decreases respectively which this drug produces in the sensitivity of the reward system of the brain. The present study further evaluated this relationship by testing the effec...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00433801
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors review the literature regarding the pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable neuroleptic drugs (LINS). There are important differences between LINS and oral neuroleptics that affect their pharmacokinetics. By avoiding first pass metabolism in gut and liver, LINS result in lower circulating concentrations...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00441937
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Information is sparse on neurotransmitter deficiencies in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in particular with reference to distinct histological subgroups and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES:To evaluate in FTD with the major histologies, and compare with AD and controls, neurotransmission indices, as thes...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0992-8
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the possibility that amphetamine-induced stereotypy and facilitation of memory consolidation are both mediated by amphetamine's stimulation of dopaminergic activity in the caudate nucleus. In the first experiment, rats were given pairings of a tone and a shock followed by SC amphetamine (2 mg/kg). ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427774
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In neuroleptic therapy for psychotic illness, clinical improvement is produced more slowly than is central dopamine blockade, and its time course is highly variable between patients. A theory of neuroleptic-responsive psychotic illness thus requires more than dopamine blockade, though that appears to be the first step...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00176470
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Shaking movements of the body, similar to that made by a dog when wet ('wet-dog shakes'), occur in rats in response to pharmacological stimuli and in response to stimuli associated with cold and skin irritation. In this study, shaking movements, elicited by a variety of stimuli, were inhibited by central administratio...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00429002
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5-Hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptors have been shown to be suppressed by corticosteroid hormones in a variety of animal experimental paradigms. It has been suggested that this effect may be central to the pathophysiology of severe clinical depressive illness, a condition in which 5-HT1A receptor function is reduce...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002130050711
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methamphetamine (MAP: 1 and 2 mg/kg SC) and caffeine (CAF: 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg SC) dose-dependently increased ambulation in mice. Repeated administration (5 times at 3 to 4-day intervals) of MAP, but not CAF, induced sensitization to its effect. Furthermore, the mice repeatedly receiving CAF showed no significant ch...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245053
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2,4-Dithiobiuret (DTB) is a sulfonated derivative of urea that is used as a reducing agent in chemical manufacture. Its low acute toxicity to rodents belies a peripherally mediated, delayed-onset muscle weakness which develops during repeated daily exposure. In experiment 1, a standard dose regimen of DTB (0.5 mg/kg p...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246581
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To analyze the involvement of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) release in the stimulus properties of methamphetamine, two amphetamine analogs that selectively release either brain DA (phentermine) or 5-HT (fenfluramine) were tested for their ability to substitute for methamphetamine in rats discriminating methamphet...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050836
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:There is a requirement to ensure that UK armed forces are provided with the best possible medical countermeasures to prevent or mitigate the effects of exposure to nerve agents. When pretreatments are under consideration, it is of particular importance to ensure that they do not in themselves give rise to adv...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1324-7
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Cannabis (CB) use and dependence are associated with regionally specific alterations to brain circuitry and substantial psychosocial impairment. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to investigate the association between CB use and dependence, and the volumes of brain regions critically involved in goa...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4606-9
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies have examined the association between ethanol use and cigarette smoking topography. In particular, no study has objectively investigated the relationship between chronic ethanol exposure and cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between cigarette smoking and past and cur...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245794
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
