Abstract:
RATIONALE:One third of US smokers are intermittent smokers (ITS) who do not smoke daily. Unlike daily smokers (DS), whose smoking is negatively reinforced by withdrawal relief, ITS may be motivated by immediate positive reinforcement. In contrast, incentive salience theory posits hypothesis that "liking" of drug effects fades in established users, such as DS. OBJECTIVE:This study aims to compare ITS' and DS' hedonic responses to smoking. METHODS:Participants were 109 ITS (smoking 4-27 days/month) and 52 DS (smoking daily 5-25 cigarettes/day), aged ≥21, smoking ≥3 years, and not quitting smoking. For 3 weeks, participants engaged in ecological momentary assessment, carrying an electronic diary that asked them to rate their most recent smoking experience on 0-100 visual analog scales (satisfaction, enjoyment [averaged as "pleasure"], feeling sick, feeling a "rush," enjoying upper respiratory sensations, and immediate craving relief). Hierarchical random effect regression analyzed 4476 ratings. RESULTS:ITS found smoking pleasurable (mean = 69.7 ± 1.7 [SE]) but significantly less so than DS did (77.6 ± 2.3; p < 0.006). ITS also reported more aversive response (ITS 18.2 ± 1.4, DS 11.6 ± 2.0; p < 0.007). Even though ITS are more likely to smoke at bars/restaurants, when drinking alcohol, or when others were present, they did not report more pleasure in these settings (compared to DS). More extensive smoking experience was unrelated to craving or smoking effects among DS, but predicted greater craving, greater pleasure, and less aversion among ITS. CONCLUSIONS:The findings were largely inconsistent with incentive-salience models of drug use.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Shiffman S,Terhorst Ldoi
10.1007/s00213-017-4682-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-01 00:00:00pages
2911-2917issue
19eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072pii
10.1007/s00213-017-4682-xjournal_volume
234pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE:H(3)-receptor inverse agonists raise a great interest as innovative therapeutics in several central disorders. Whereas their procognitive properties are well established, their antipsychotic-like properties are still debated. OBJECTIVES:We further explored the effect of maximal doses (3-10 mg/kg) of ciproxif...
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426468
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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