Abstract:
RATIONALE:Training in research ethics is crucial for psychiatric investigators. Addressing ethical dimensions of human subjects research requires knowledge about the rules and norms governing research; sensitivity to ethical implications of actions; and skills in ethics problem solving. Investigators in training who are physicians have the additional challenge of developing identities as investigators that sometimes conflict with their identities as physicians. OBJECTIVES:To propose a curriculum for psychiatric research ethics training. METHODS:Review of literature on ethics education and presentation of a curricular approach to research ethics training for psychiatric investigators. RESULTS:Research ethics can be learned and should be taught. Involvement of active investigators in teaching research ethics is important. While core topics of psychiatric research ethics training have not yet been identified, there are available models from which to draw. Research ethics should be introduced early and integrated throughout the research training period. Lack of resources and institutional support can be obstacles to development of comprehensive research ethics curricula. Small-group, case-based discussion is best for teaching ethics problem-solving skills. Examples of teaching module ideas and a fully developed sample teaching module are presented. CONCLUSIONS:There is opportunity for creative models for teaching psychiatric research ethics. Work is needed to identify core topics, target pedagogical strategies to trainees at different levels, and develop evaluation methods.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Chen DTdoi
10.1007/s00213-003-1500-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
112-9issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
171pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The effects of dietary caffeine and the amount and palatability of food on the acquisition of cocaine (0.2 mg/kg) self-administration were examined. Using an autoshaping procedure, seven groups of 13 rats each were trained to press a lever resulting in a cocaine (0.2 mg/kg infusion under a fixed-ratio 1 (FR 1) schedul...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050596
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) is regularly used to study attention and impulsivity. In the 5-CSRTT, rodents initiate a trial, then after an inter-trial interval (ITI), a light appears in one of five holes. Responding in the lit vs. unlit hole reflects attention (accuracy), while respondi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4389-4
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:It has been suggested that GABA(B) receptors may be part of a neural substrate mediating some of the effects of ethanol. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this experiment was to investigate, in mice, the effects of ethanol on working memory in a delayed matching-to position (DMTP) task, and additionally to determine ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1875-x
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Electrophysiological studies have identified a scalp potential, the late positive potential (LPP), which is modulated by the emotional intensity of observed stimuli. Previous work has shown that the LPP reflects the modulation of activity in extrastriate visual cortical structures, but little is known about t...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2426-x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intact male and ovariectomized female rats were trained to lever press under a random ratio (RR) schedule of food reinforcement. Effects of different doses of pentobarbital (1-16 mg/kg) and progesterone (10-80 mg/kg) on response output were studied. Low doses of pentobarbital increased responding, high doses decreased...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00179930
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Alterations in protein kinase (PKA) protein levels have been implicated in the regulation of responses to and development of cocaine addiction. However, the contribution of differences in PKA intracellular cascade to the known sex differences in responses to cocaine is not well understood. This study exami...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1411-5
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Pindolol has been reported to shorten the onset of antidepressant action of selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as well as to increase their efficacy. It has been postulated that pindolol enhances the antidepressant effect of SSRIs by blocking somatodendritic 5-HT1A aut...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130000470
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic administration of the pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine decreases the concentration of the extra-neuronal metabolite of noradrenaline normetanephrine in the amygdaloid cortex and increases it in the mid-brain. Conversely, blockade of these pre-synaptic receptors by yohimbine increases the nor...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427519
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The involvement of dopamine neurotransmission in opiate reward remains controversial. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the dopaminergic basis of opiate reward by comparing the effect of systemic injection of the D2/D3 antagonist sulpiride on morphine self-administration (ICSA) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) o...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-001-0981-2
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The behavioral responsiveness to challenge doses of the D2 agonist quinpirole was examined in 21-day-old normal offspring (experiment 1) as well as offspring exposed gestationally to cocaine (experiment 2). In both experiments weanling rats received a subcutaneous injection of 0 (0.9% saline), 0.04, 0.08, 0.5, or 1.0 ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245109
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metergoline given IP reduced the response to noxious stimulation in the mouse formalin test. Tolerance to this effect developed after a chronic treatment schedule consisting of ten daily injections of 5 mg/kg. Twenty four hours after the last injection a test dose of metergoline (2.5 mg/kg) reduced the licking time in...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02439580
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ro 15-4513, a partial inverse agonist at the benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor site was labelled with 11C and used for in vitro autoradiography on human post mortem brain sections and for positron emission tomography (PET) on Cynomolgus monkeys. The total radiochemical yield of [11C]Ro 15-4513 was 30-40% with an overall sy...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245279
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Marijuana and alcohol, when used separately and in combination, contribute to automobile accidents and failed sobriety tests of standing balance. However, the extent to which the drugs have additive effects on both of these measures is unknown. OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to compare directly the separ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1124-0
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the antiepilepsy drugs methsuximide and mephenytoin were examined in pigeons responding under a fixed-consecutive-number (FCN) schedule with and without an added external discriminative stimulus. On this schedule, food was delivered whenever subjects responded between 8 and 12 times on one response key ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00174512
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Deficits in response inhibition associated with heroin use could last several months after abstinence in heroin users, and their response inhibition can also be interfered with task-irrelevant drug-related cues. However, it is unclear whether exposure to drug-related cues affects subsequent response inhibitio...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05434-6
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Like other monoamine releasers such as D-amphetamine, chronic treatment with phenmetrazine can attenuate cocaine self-administration in monkeys. OBJECTIVES:The present studies extended this finding to rodents and to cocaine-primed reinstatement, a putative laboratory animal model of relapse. METHODS:In expe...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-015-3875-4
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal experimental studies suggest that the therapeutic effect of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may involve neuroadaptive changes in pre- and post-synaptic serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptors. We used the endocrine and hypothermic responses to the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, gepirone (20 mg orally), to ass...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002130050348
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurochemical specificity of physiological, biochemical, and psychological responses to dextroamphetamine was tested by pretreating volunteers with haloperidol (0.014 mg/kg IM), propranolol (0.1 mg/kg IV), thymoxamine (0.1 mg/kg IV), or placebo prior to 0.3 mg/kg IV amphetamine. Healthy volunteers (N = 12) partici...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427446
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports the reduction of the concentration of the neuropeptide somatostatin in the CSF of patients with affective illness during treatment with the anticonvulsant carbamazepine. None of the other psychotropic agents used in this study similarly affected CSF somatostatin, although zimelidine appeared to incr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00428416
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Studies about whether or not the cognitive performance of women is influenced by changes in levels of sex steroid hormones across the menstrual cycle have produced ambiguous results. OBJECTIVES:This study tested whether flight simulator performance differs significantly between the menstrual and the luteal p...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100700
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A continuing challenge for preclinical research on anxiolytic drugs is to capture the affective dimension that characterizes anxiety and aggression, either in their adaptive forms or when they become of clinical concern. Experimental protocols for the preclinical study of anxiolytic drugs typically involve the suppres...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02245590
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Understanding the mechanisms responsible for stress-induced relapse is important for guiding treatment strategies aimed at minimizing the contribution of stress to addiction. Evidence suggests that these mechanisms involve interactions between noradrenergic systems and the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3535-0
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glutamatergic cortico-striatal and subthalamo-entopeduncular pathways are both overactive in parkinsonism. Previous behavioural investigations have shown that intra-entopeduncular injection of either NMDA-site or glycine-site antagonists results in alleviation of parkinsonian symptoms, although injection of the fo...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246054
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anorectic activity of the d and l isomers of d-fenfluramine (d-FF) (l-FF) were compared with d-amphetamine (d-amp) when given separately and together in 12 healthy male volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled. Food intake was measured using an automated food dispenser. Anorectic activity was ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02801976
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antagonist effects of clocinnamox were evaluated against opioid agonists, acting at mu, kappa and delta-receptors, in rhesus monkeys (n = 3-4) responding under a fixed-ratio 30 (FR 30) schedule for food delivery. Clocinnamox (0.032-0.1 mg/kg) dose-dependently antagonized fentanyl (0.001-0.32 mg/kg) after either a ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246641
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various doses of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, MK-801 (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) and ketamine (2.5-10 mg/kg), produced a dose-dependent increase in stereotypic behaviour in naive mice. MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (2.5 mg/kg) potentiated the stereotypic response of apomorphine (0.1-0.5 ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245171
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The behavioral performance of inbred mouse strains was examined in animal models of anxiety to evaluate the potential contribution of genetic factors to fear-motivated behaviors. The preference that randomly bred mice and rats exhibit for the enclosed as opposed to the open arms of an elevated maze has been considered...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244948
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of mu and kappa opioids to alter the discriminative-stimulus and rate-decreasing effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT was examined in rats trained to discriminate either a low (0.1 mg/kg) or a high (0.3 mg/kg) dose of 8-OH-DPAT from water using a two-lever food-reinforced drug discrimination pr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246263
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that glucose enhances memory in rodents and humans. The present experiment investigated the effects of glucose on memory performance and blood glucose changes in young adults (19-25 years). Subjects ingested (300 ml beverage) three doses of glucose (0, 30, 100 g) in a random, double-blind, tripl...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02244373
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Microinjections of ethanol and acetaldehyde into ventral tegmental area (VTA) produce locomotor activation in rats through mechanisms dependent on the mu-opioid receptors. However, it is not clear how these drugs can interact with these receptors. It has been hypothesized that salsolinol could be the responsi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1751-9
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00