Abstract：
:The behavioral performance of inbred mouse strains was examined in animal models of anxiety to evaluate the potential contribution of genetic factors to fear-motivated behaviors. The preference that randomly bred mice and rats exhibit for the enclosed as opposed to the open arms of an elevated maze has been considered a fear-motivated behavior. Pronounced differences were observed in this measure among 16 inbred mouse strains. An estimate of the proportion of the variance attributable to between-strain differences, eta 2, revealed that 78% and 69% of the variance in time and number of entries in the open arms of an elevated maze, respectively, can be attributed to genetic factors. In contrast, only 27% and 42% of the variance could be attributed to between-strain differences in ambulatory activity in the open field and elevated maze, respectively. Furthermore, performance in the elevated maze was predictive of behavior in other animal models of anxiety. Thus, significant negative correlations were observed among inbred mouse strains between the percent time spent in the open arms of the elevated maze and amplitude of an acoustic startle response (rs = -0.88m P < 0.01) or latency to initiate chow consumption in a hyponeophagia paradigm (rs = -0.71, P < 0.05). These results indicate that genetic factors substantially contribute to fear motivated behaviors in these animal models of anxiety. The use of such inbred mouse strains may provide a novel approach to investigate the biochemical and genetic bases of fear.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Trullas R,Skolnick Pdoi
10.1007/BF02244948subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
323-31issue
3eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章abstract：RATIONALE:So-called atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are associated with varying levels of weight gain and associated metabolic disturbances, which in patients with serious mental illness (SMI) have been linked to non-compliance and poor functional outcomes. Mechanisms underlying AAP-induced metabolic abnormalities are o...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-016-4324-8
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Corticostriatal circuits are widely implicated in the top-down control of attention including inhibitory control and behavioural flexibility. However, recent neurophysiological evidence also suggests a role for thalamic inputs to striatum in behaviours related to salient, reward-paired cues. OBJECTIVES:Here,...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4627-4
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Studies suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an essential role in regulating memory-related neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with impairment in many domains of cognitive function which may result from reduced BDNF; however, the correlation of BDNF...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-012-2942-3
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of dopamine agonists on self-stimulation are a matter of considerable dispute. Apomorphine has variously been reported to inhibit, have no effect on, or to facilitate lever-press self-stimulation. To investigate the possibility that these discrepancies may reflect peculiarities of the lever-press test situ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00433261
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Chronic pain is becoming a more common medical diagnosis and is especially prevalent in older individuals. As such, prescribed use of opioids is on the rise, even though the efficacy for pain management in older individuals is unclear. OBJECTIVES:Thus, the present preclinical study assessed the effectiveness...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-013-3208-4
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behaviour was observed in mice given L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine and then placed either in an open field or in water in a narrow cylinder. Animals placed in water (swim test) soon assume a characteristic immobile posture. Most antidepressants, including pharmacologically atypical ones, decrease immobil...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00435264
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246542
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems are targets for antidepressants and are stimulated by serotonergic antidepressant drugs. The COMT enzyme inactivates catecholamines, and the COMT Val(108/158)Met polymorphism (rs4680) influences the enzyme activity. Clinical studies on the effect of rs4680 on antidep...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1381-7
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychopharmacological studies using caffeinated beverages or caffeine have rarely considered temporal effects on psychological and physiological function or the specific contribution of caffeine, hot water, or beverage type to the observed effects. The effect of 400 ml hot tea, coffee, and water consumption on systoli...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050438
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Intramuscular (IM) conventional antipsychotics and/or benzodiazepines are effective in the short-term treatment of acutely agitated psychotic patients but may be associated with adverse effects. A short-acting IM formulation of the novel antipsychotic, ziprasidone, which may offer advantages over conventional...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002130000658
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After publication of this paper, the authors determined an error in Fig. 2C. ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05269-1
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Severe, traumatic stress or repeated exposure to stress can result in long-term deleterious effects, including hippocampal cell atrophy and death, which, in turn, result in memory impairments and behavioural abnormalities. The dopaminergic D(2) receptor agonist, bromocriptine, has been shown to modulate learn...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0801-4
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The occurrence of methamphetamine (METH) use by the smoking route is increasing. A nonhuman primate model for examining the reinforcing effects of smoked METH would be valuable for testing potential interventions for treating METH abuse disorders. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the present study was to examine the...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0479-z
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the striatal dopamine-2 (D2) receptor occupancy caused by different antipsychotic substances in 18 psychotic patients (16 with schizophrenic and two with schizoaffective disorder according to DSM-IV) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 123I-iodobenzamide (IBZM) as tracer subst...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050409
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Abstinence from drug occurs in human addicts for several reasons, including the avoidance of adverse consequences. OBJECTIVES:To explore a model of drug use in the face of adverse consequences in rats through intermittent punishment of drug seeking and to investigate whether the ability to withhold seeking r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0805-0
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Cocaethylene is a pharmacologically active homolog and metabolite of cocaine, formed by transesterification of cocaine in the presence of ethanol. Here we relate findings from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in which we examined the physiological and subjective effects and pharmacokinetic...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002139900363
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Noncontingent administration of amphetamine into the ventral striatum or systemic nicotine increases responses rewarded by inconsequential visual stimuli. When these drugs are contingently administered, rats learn to self-administer them. We recently found that rats self-administer the GABA(B) receptor agonis...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2450-x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preclinical studies have exploded our knowledge about the behavioral and biological underpinnings of alcoholism. These studies suggest that certain neurotransmitters, particularly those interacting with the opioid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and monoamine systems, may play a critical role in the expression of alcohol-drink...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s002130000371
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Behavioral disturbances (BD) are prevalent in patients with substance use disorders (SUD). OBJECTIVES:To test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to cocaine could favor the acquisition of BD that were not present in childhood. METHODS:We used child and adult ADHD self-report screening scales (WURS-25 and A...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-020-05620-x
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distinctive effects of ethanol on behavior suggest that certain parts of the CNS may be especially sensitive to it. One of the primary candidates is the hippocampal formation. Damage to this structure mimics acute ethanol treatment across a wide variety of behavioral tasks and processes. The possibility of a hippo...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00445554
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of anxiogenic drugs on dopamine release and metabolism in nucleus accumbens. Microdialysis probes were implanted into the nucleus accumbens, and rats were tested the day after implantation. In the first experiment, groups of rats received injections of saline, 1.25 o...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245888
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a 15-s intershock interval, an increase in shock-induced fighting was observed following intraventricular 96 microgram 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) and 90 microgram 6-hydroxydopa (6-OHdopa). The incidence of predatory mouse killing was enhanced by 5,7-DHT, but was not affected by 6-OHdopa. Pain sensitivity ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432684
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Alcohol intoxication can dampen negative affective reactions to stressors. Recently, it has been proposed that these acute anxiolytic effects of alcohol may extend to dampening of negative affective reactions to error commission during cognitive control tasks. Nonetheless, empirical verification of this claim...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-020-05619-4
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Previous studies indicate that the rewarding effect of D-1 dopamine receptor stimulation in nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is greater in food-restricted (FR) than in ad libitum fed (AL) rats. The D-1 receptor is positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and activates protein kinase A (PKA). OBJECTIVES:The purpos...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2602-z
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Previous research has identified a number of factors that appear to moderate the behavioural response to glucose administration. These include physiological state, dose, types of cognitive tasks used and level of cognitive demand. Another potential moderating factor is the length of the fasting interval prior...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2510-2
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The augmentation effect of (-)pindolol as used in combination with SSRI to treat major depression has been ascribed to blocking of dorsal raphe nucleus cell body 5-HT autoreceptors. In this study, the radioligand [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 and positron emission tomography were used to establish whether pindolol at a cli...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130051009
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A continuous intravenous infusion of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone, at doses ranging from 0.7 to 1.0 micrograms/kg/min (total dose 8.8-13.2 mg), was performed in eight normal subjects during the first 240 min of night sleep. A significant reduction in stage REM and in stage 4 percent duration was observed. P...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00429731
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Premature discontinuation of antidepressant drugs is a frequent clinical problem. Adverse effects are common, occur early on in treatment and are reported to be one of the main reasons for discontinuation of antidepressant treatment. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between adverse effects occurring...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3467-8
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concentration of kynurenine in plasma from depressed patients and control subjects has been measured using a sensitive and specific method. The levels of kynurenine in the plasma of depressed patients and controls are not significantly different and are not influenced by age or sex. The severity of affective distu...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426632
更新日期：1978-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Two experiments examined the effect of the benzodiazepine receptor agonist, zolpidem, on palatable fluid intake in water-deprived rats. In the first experiment, pretreatment with 3.0 or 10.0 mg/kg zolpidem IP was found to increase consumption of a novel glucose drink (3% d-glucose and 0.15 sodium saccharine w/v in wat...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245521
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
