The stimulus properties of gamma-hydroxybutyrate.

abstract：:The effects of olanzapine [LY 170053; 2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10H-thieno[2, 3b] [1,5]benzodiazepine), a potential atypical antipsychotic, were determined in pigeons whose keypeck responding was punished. These effects were compared to the anxiolytic agents chlordiazepoxide and pentobarbital, and to other a...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Benvenga MJ,Leander JD

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The reinforcing effects of stimulant drugs such as D-amphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine are modulated by behavioral demands following drug administration. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to assess the reinforcing effects of methylphenidate under different behavioral demands using a modified progres...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Stoops WW,Lile JA,Fillmore MT,Glaser PE,Rush CR

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Addiction to psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) remains a major public health problem in the world. Animal models that use METH self-administration incorporate many features of human drug-taking behavior and are very helpful in elucidating mechanisms underlying METH addiction. These models ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Krasnova IN,Justinova Z,Cadet JL

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under the fixed-consecutive-number schedule (FCN), pigeons were reinforced for responding eight or more times on one response key (work key), and then responding once on a second response key. In one component of this schedule, an external stimulus signalled the completion of the response requirement on the work key (...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Picker M,Dykstra LA

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was conducted in order to investigate the level of amitriptyline (AT) and its metabolites. Three separate experiments were carried out. In two of these experiments, rats were treated over 7 days with IP doses of AT (10 mg/kg in experiment A and 2 X 20 mg/kg in experiment C). The rats were sacrificed either ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Baumann P,Gaillard JM,Jonzier-Perey M,Gerber C,Bouras C

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cataleptogenic effect of delta 9-THC was compared to its discriminative stimulus effects in rats. The ED50s for the discriminative stimulus and catalepsy were 0.8 and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively, while their time courses were very similar. The ED50 of delta 9-THC for catalepsy in experimentally naive rats was not diff...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Prescott WR,Gold LH,Martin BR

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The positive modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptors is a putative mechanism via which alcohol escalates aggressive behavior. Broad-spectrum benzodiazepine antagonists block alcohol-heightened aggression in rats and monkeys. However, the degree to which GABAA subunit composition plays a...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： de Almeida RM,Rowlett JK,Cook JM,Yin W,Miczek KA

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Deficits in response inhibition associated with heroin use could last several months after abstinence in heroin users, and their response inhibition can also be interfered with task-irrelevant drug-related cues. However, it is unclear whether exposure to drug-related cues affects subsequent response inhibitio...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Su B,Li S,Yang L,Zheng M

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Repeated amphetamine (AMPH) administration into the nucleus accumbens does not enhance (sensitize) the locomotor activity produced by a subsequent systemic AMPH challenge. We report here, however, that pretreatment with systemic injections of AMPH does produce a significant enhancement in the locomotor stimulant effec...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Paulson PE,Robinson TE

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:It is widely assumed that various forms of neural and behavioral plasticity, including sensitization, are strongly dependent on the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptors, but evidence also exists to suggest that not all forms of sensitization are unequivocally blocked by NMDA-receptor antagonism...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Tzschentke TM,Schmidt WJ

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:It has been suggested that the antipsychotic effect of antipsychotics is mediated by the antagonism of the dopamine D2 receptor in the limbic-cortical regions. Risperidone has an atypical property, but its effect on limbic-cortical regions has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES:In this study, we examined the rel...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Yasuno F,Suhara T,Okubo Y,Sudo Y,Inoue M,Ichimiya T,Tanada S

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of lithium on serotonin (5-HT)-mediated responses in the brain was assessed by measuring changes in the prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) responses to L-tryptophan (LTP) in eight normal subjects. On the 4th day of lithium treatment the PRL responses were significantly enhanced, and this enhancement wa...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Glue PW,Cowen PJ,Nutt DJ,Kolakowska T,Grahame-Smith DG

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The influence of the main dopaminergic brain regions controlling copulation, the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), on male rat sexual behavior expression has not been fully established. OBJECTIVE:This work analyzes the sexual effects of dopamine (DA) receptor activation in the mPO...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Guadarrama-Bazante IL,Rodríguez-Manzo G

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten behavioural variables were recorded by means of an automatic holeboard apparatus. The behaviour of rats placed for the first time in the apparatus was recorded for 10 min. The suppression of this exploratory behaviour by the dopamine agonist apomorphine (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) was shown to be reversible in a surmountable...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Ståhle L,Ungerstedt U

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study evaluated the effects of two central nicotinic-cholinergic receptor agonists and an antagonist on performance accuracy of a rat, delayed stimulus discrimination task (DSDT). Rats were trained to discriminate between an auditory and visual stimulus by pressing a right or left lever. To diminish the rat's abi...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Terry AV Jr,Buccafusco JJ,Jackson WJ,Zagrodnik S,Evans-Martin FF,Decker MW

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasma fluphenazine levels and plasma total neuroleptic activity (as quantitated by the neuroleptic receptor binding assay) were related to therapeutic response in 15 DSM-III schizophrenic patients who received a predetermined, fixed dose of fluphenazine for 14 days. Mean neuroleptic activity of the plasma was 84% gre...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Hitzemann RJ,Garver DL,Mavroidis M,Hirschowitz J,Zemlan FP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Animal models aimed to mimic mania have in common the lack of genuine affective parameters. Although rodent amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion is a frequently used behavioral model of mania, locomotor activity is a rather unspecific target for developing new pharmacological therapies, and does not necessaril...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Pereira M,Andreatini R,Schwarting RK,Brenes JC

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cocaine and amphetamine produce several behavioral effects, most notably locomotor stimulation. Biochemically, evidence suggests specific involvement of dopaminergic systems, although not necessarily identical sites, in mediating cocaine- and amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation. This study examined the effects o...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： George FR,Porrino LJ,Ritz MC,Goldberg SR

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This was a 4-week, three-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of bupropion in hospitalized depressed patients. Results from 27 placebo and 48 bupropion-treated patients were analyzed for efficacy and safety. Assessments of efficacy and safety were made at...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Zung WW,Brodie HK,Fabre L,McLendon D,Garver D

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained to discriminate fenfluramine (1.0 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task. The dose-response curve for this discrimination was orderly with an ED50 of about one-half of the training dose (0.52 mg/kg). In substitution tests, indirect (p-chloroamphetamine) and direct (quipazine, MK-2...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： White FJ,Appel JB

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a 4 week study of the response of neurotic outpatients to treatment with amitriptyline, diazepam, amitriptyline and diazepam, or placebo clinical and psychophysiological variables and plasma levels of the drug were assessed. Clinical improvements were substantial in all treatment groups but clear relationships betw...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Johnstone EC,Bourne RC,Crow TJ,Frith CD,Gamble S,Lofthouse R,Owen F,Owens DG,Robinson J,Stevens M

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The startle reflex to a sudden intense acoustic pulse stimulus is attenuated if the pulse is shortly preceded by a weak prepulse stimulus. This represents a form of sensory gating, known as prepulse inhibition (PPI), observable across species. PPI is modulated by dopamine and readily disrupted by acute amphet...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Peleg-Raibstein D,Hauser J,Llano Lopez LH,Feldon J,Gargiulo PA,Yee BK

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic exposure to very mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to depress the consumption of, and preference for, highly palatable sweet solutions. The present study used the place conditioning procedure to investigate whether these effects result from a decreased sensitivity to reward. Rats were subject...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Papp M,Willner P,Muscat R

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracerebroventricular injections of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and of the GABA-transaminase inhibitor, ethanolamine-O-sulphate (EOS), decreased the food intake of freely-fed (GABA and EOS) and food-deprived rats (EOS). The effect, still evident 24 h after treatment, was not decreased by the GABA receptor-blocker...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Olgiati VR,Netti C,Guidobono F,Pecile A

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The precise neural circuitry that encodes fear memory and its extinction within the brain are not yet fully understood. Fearful memories can be persistent, resistant to extinction, and associated with psychiatric disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we investigated the microtopog...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Jacques A,Chaaya N,Hettiarachchi C,Carmody ML,Beecher K,Belmer A,Chehrehasa F,Bartlett S,Battle AR,Johnson LR

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:We recently demonstrated that blocking specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) abolishes the conditioned reinforcing properties of ethanol-associated cues in rat, suggesting nAChRs as promising pharmacological targets for prevention of cue-induced relapse. OBJECTIVES:The present study investigate...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Löf E,Olausson P,Stomberg R,Taylor JR,Söderpalm B

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A combined analysis of data from 11 controlled studies of loxapine versus either chlorpromazine or trifluoperazine in acute schizophrenia (5 studies) and chronic schizophrenia (6 studies) showed statistically significant superiority of loxapine on several items and factors of standardized psychiatric rating scales. Up...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Bishop MP,Simpson GM,Dunnett CW,Kiltie H

更新日期：1977-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The anorectic activity of the d and l isomers of d-fenfluramine (d-FF) (l-FF) were compared with d-amphetamine (d-amp) when given separately and together in 12 healthy male volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled. Food intake was measured using an automated food dispenser. Anorectic activity was ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Goodall E,Feeney S,McGuirk J,Silverstone T

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of 15 min/day of immobilization (IM) stress on oral self-administration (SA) of morphine (0.5 mg/ml) or fentanyl (25 micrograms/ml) and withdrawal was examined in rats. In addition, the role of conditioning factors in these effects was assessed. For each drug, four groups of subjects were exposed for 50 day...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Shaham Y

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONAL:Caloric restriction increases the risk of relapse in abstinent drug users. Hormones involved in the regulation of energy balance and food intake, such as leptin and ghrelin, are implicated in drug-related behaviors. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the role of leptin and ghrelin in the augmentation of heroin seekin...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： D'Cunha TM,Chisholm A,Hryhorczuk C,Fulton S,Shalev U

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00