Abstract:
:In the developing rodent, there is a period from about days 4 to 14 when the adrenal response to stress is either minimal or non-existent. This has been designated as the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP). Numerous experiments have demonstrated that maternal factors are critical for the regulation of the pup's hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal (HPA) axis and the maintenance of the SHRP. Following 24 h of maternal deprivation, the neonatal rat shows elevated basal levels of corticosterone (CORT) and exhibits a robust CORT and ACTH response to mild stress. Further, c-fos mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is enhanced following stress in deprived pups. At least three aspects of maternal behavior play a role in the regulation of the HPA axis during development. Tactile stimulation appears capable of inhibiting most of the brain-related changes that occur following maternal deprivation. Feeding is essential for maintaining the adrenal-unresponsive and reduces the sensitivity of the adrenal to ACTH. Passive contact suppresses the response to stress. In the adult, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the major neuropeptide that controls pituitary ACTH secretion. In the maternally deprived pup, CRH gene transcription is downregulated and arginine vasopressin (AVP) appears to assume the major regulatory hormone that modulates ACTH. These data all indicate that maternal factors are responsible for actively inhibiting the endocrine responses to stress postnatally. Thus, during development, most of the peripheral and central stress-responsive systems are capable of being activated. However, under conditions of normal dam-pup interactions, these responses are mostly suppressed by the dam's behavioral interaction with the pups.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Levine Sdoi
10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00496-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-06-01 00:00:00pages
255-60issue
3eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
S0031-9384(01)00496-6journal_volume
73pub_type
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journal_title:Physiology & behavior
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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